Shah Jehan's Taj, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Taj Mahal is an exemplary architectural achievement - a white marble tomb complex - built by the Mughal emperor Shah Jehan (in between 1632 to 1648) - in memory of his wife Mumtaz Mahal. Original addressed as Prince Khurram and Arjumand Banu Begum they were soulmates throughout their 19 year marriage where the queen would accompany the emperor even on his military campaigns until her death in 1631. How to reach Taj Mahal?

Marble as material was linked originally with the tombs of saints and over time with was associated with royalty; Marble is known to absorbs light and change color with every change and thus the tomb of Mumtaz Mahal takes on spiritual overtones.

The mausoleum is decorated with carved floral motifs + elaborate designs of detailed parchin kari work or images created by using highly polished colored stones. + the exquisite bands of Quran inscriptions embellishing the exterior and interior of the mausoleum. Visualize this - in the 17th century there would be the melodic chanting that would reverberate throughout the tomb as regular prayers were offered  for the deceased queen’s soul.

Royal access to the Taj Mahal, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Today anyone can visit the Taj Mahal - if you were living in the 17th century you would have to be a member of the royal family before you could access the Taj Complex. It is recorded that Shah Jahan chose to visit the tomb in a boat and would always enter the complex using water gates which are now closed.

Emperor Shah Jahan died in 1666 as a prisoner and he was buried next to his wife in the Taj Mahal - many historians believe that Shah Jahan always intended the Taj Mahal to be his tomb and his final resting place as well. How to reach Taj Mahal?

How to reach Taj Mahal in Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India?

Taj Mahal is located in the city of Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India.

How to reach Taj Mahal by air? Which is the nearest airport to Taj Mahal?
The nearest airport to Taj Mahal is Agra Airport - note it has limited connectivity - predominantly flying to or from Delhi, Jaipur, Varanasi, Bengaluru++
Distance between Taj Mahal and Agra Airport is about 12.3 km

The nearby Delhi International Airport is well connected with many cities of India. Distance between Taj Mahal and Delhi Airport is about 231 km. 

How to reach Taj Mahal by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Taj Mahal?
Agra Cantonment is the nearest railway station to the Taj Mahal and is well connected to many cities in India. Distance between Taj Mahal and Agra Cantonment railway station is about 6 km

The best time to visit the Taj Mahal in the city of Agra is when it is cooler, between October to March.

Agra Fort - Amar Singh Gate, Agra, Uttar Pradesh, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Agra Fort has a crescent shape, flattened on the east with a long, nearly straight wall parallel to river Yamuna. How to reach Agra Fort?

It is enclosed with soaring double impregnable wall that has massive circular bastions at regular intervals in both inner and outer walls and the outer bastions are concentric with the inner ones.

Delhi Gate is a monumental gate and was known to be Emperor Akbar's majestic formal gate. Akbar fused Islamic geometry plus calligraphy with the Hindu carved expression using birds, animals and flowers to embellish Agra Fort.

Agra Fort is an important complex in terms Mughal architectural history and once had about 500 monuments built within the fort. Some structures were demolished by Shah Jahan to build his white marble palaces. The others were destroyed by the British troops. About 30 odd monuments have survived including the Delhi Gate, Amar Singh Gate Gate or the Akbar Darwaza.

Since the Indian military uses the northern portion of the Agra Fort, the Delhi Gate is not available for use and tourists have to enter the complex using the Amar Singh Gate.

Akbar Darwaza has been renamed as Amar Singh Gate by Shah Jahan and it is similar in design to the Delhi Gate.

Red Whiskered Bulbul at Kaziranga National Park, Assam India a UNESCO Site

The Red-whiskered Bulbul found in the Kaziranga National Park is a passerine bird with a lifespan of about 11 years. It is a frugivore and feeds on fruits and small insects. Red-whiskered bulbuls are more often heard than seen especially in the mornings when they call out happily perched on the tree-tops. How to reach Kaziranga National Park?

Spot-billed Duck at Kaziranga National Park, Assam India a UNESCO Site

The Indian spot-billed duck at Kaziranga National Park in Assam is a non-migratory breeding duck that feeds by dabbling for plant food or invertebrates such as snails usually in the evening or at night. How to reach Kaziranga National Park?

Rhinoceros at Kaziranga National Park, Assam India a UNESCO Site

One horned Rhino at Kaziranga National Park - this species once pushed very close to extinction due to habitat loss or poaching is now slowly steadily increasing in numbers in India as well as all over the world.

Great one-horned Rhino or the Indian Rhino as it is popularly referred to are a solitary species - they prefer grazing in solitude - unless when males near adulthood then one can see them gather at wallows or whilst grazing.

One-horned Rhino prefers eating grasses as well as leaves, branches of shrubs and trees, fruit, and aquatic plants. How to reach Kaziranga National Park?

Deer at Kaziranga National Park, Assam India a UNESCO Site

Indian hog deer at Kaziranga National Park are mainly grazers and feed on grasses - are named such as they have a hog-like manner and speed through the forests with its head hung low to duck easily under obstacles instead of leaping over them like most other deer.

They are usually found in herds and when alarmed make a whistling vocalization or a warning bark. How to reach Kaziranga National Park?

How to reach Kaziranga National Park in Assam, India?

The airport nearest to Kaziranga National Park is Guwahati airport (217 km).

Railway station nearest to Kaziranga National Park is Furkating station (75 km).

The best time to visit Kaziranga National Park is from November to April.

How to reach Manas National Park in Guwahati, Assam, India?

The airport nearest to Manas National Park is Borjhar airport (5 km) or Guwahati airport (176 km). Railway station nearest to Manas National Park is Barpeta road station.

The best time to visit Manas National Park is from November to April.

250+ years old Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Intriguing - Keoladeo Bird Sanctuary was established about 250 years ago known as Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary and is named after Shiva temple and was a hunting ground for the Maharajas of Bharatpur. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Migratory Birds at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Keoladeo National Park used to be a waterfowl hunting ground as thousands of migratory waterfowl visit the park for breeding. The reserve is a mosaic of diverse habitats including - dry grasslands, woodlands, woodland swamps and wetlands.

Keoladeo National Park is equally rich with its mammal population - right from Leopard Cat, Fshing Cats plus Golden Jackals, Stripe Hyena and Bengal fox ++

You also find raptors like osprey, peregrine falcon, short-toed eagle, tawny eagle, spotted eagle and crested serpent eagle. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Rare Feast for Birdwatchers - Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

The famous Keoladeo National Park or  Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary, Rajasthan, India is a man-made wetland - an avifauna sanctuary that houses thousands of birds, especially during its winter season and is also a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Keoladeo National Park is located on the Gangetic Plain making it an unrivaled breeding site for storks, herons or cormorants - the park is an important wintering ground for vast numbers of migrant ducks.

Common waterfowl found at Keoladeo National Park include common teal, little cormorant, great cormorant, painted stork, white spoonbill, oriental ibis, ++ The sarus crane, with its spectacular courtship dance, also lives here. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Sarue Crane at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Sarus Crane at Keoladeo National Park is a social bird found mostly in pairs or small groups of 3 or 4. The tall Sarus Crane is easily distinguished due to its contrasting red head and upper neck + pale red legs.

Known to be monogamous they mate with a single partner for life. They build enormous nests with reeds and grass in natural wetlands - breed during the rainy season - and their clutch usually has 1-2 eggs, which are incubated by both parents for a period of about 4+ weeks. The young ones follow their parents from the day of birth.

Habitat loss and degradation due to draining of the wetland and conversion of land for agriculture is the main threat to the Sarus Crane in India.

Sarus Cranes forage on marshes and shallow wetlands searching for crustaceans, small vertebrate prey, insects as well as roots and tubers. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Painted Storks at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Painted Storks at Keoladeo National Park enjoy feeding in groups or flocks that range from 5 to 50 commonly found in shallow wetlands along lakes or rivers.

Painted Storks are waders - they do so to stir the water with their feet to flush out the hiding out small fish or frogs. They immerse their beaks which are half open and sweep it side to side till they sense their prey and snap it up as soon as they touch it. Once fed they can literally stand still on the bank or shore for long a long time.

The adult Painted Storks have pink legs and typically fly with their neck as well as their head drooped almost at or below their belly level. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Verditer Flycatcher Eumyias at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Verditer Flycatcher at Keoladeo National Park a (Eumyias thalassinus) species that is distinctive with a vivid turquoise blue shade - found usually perched upright in hill forests and forest edges predominantly feeding on insects and their larvae, bees and wasps. During the egg laying phase the female Flycatcher hunt for calcium rich prey like snails and woodlice. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Spotted Owlet at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Spotted Owlet at Keoladeo National Park is a greyish-brown stocky bird streaked with white spots - it has distinctive white eyebrows and neckband too.

Spotted Owlets are nocturnal though it may not be uncommon to sight them during the day. Perched in a tree it preys on insects bats, toads, small snakes and eats even scorpions.

Spotted Owlets have a loud and a harsh call that you may hear when it is active at dawn or dusk. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Common Kingfisher at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Common Kingfisher at Keoladeo National Park - is typically a sparrow-sized bird with short tail and a large head. It has blue upperparts, orange underparts and a long bill. Note their color hues vary depending on their geographic location. The female Kingfisher is almost similar to the male in its appearance except that her lower mandible (jaw) is orange-red with a black tip

Common Kingfisher feeds mainly on fish (minnows, sticklebacks, small roach or trout) - they have special vision that enables them to spot their prey under water - usually perched on a branch it catches its prey by diving in - it plunges swiftly and steeply down to seize its prey. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Indian Roller at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Indian Roller at Keoladeo National Park is best known for their distinctive aerobatic displays of males perched on a branch during the breeding season.

A brilliantly colored stocky bird with a brownish breast - whereas its crown, belly and vent are in various shades of blue. Its tail is sky blue and the central feathers are dull green.

Rollers at times perched really high - have varied tastes - they feed on grasshoppers, crickets, spiders, scorpions, small snakes and amphibians. How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

Citrine Wagtail at Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India - a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Citrine Wagtail at Keoladeo National Park - its a slender songbird who constantly wags its tail and is usually found in wet meadows. [SongBirds include about 5000 or so bird species who have  a well-developed vocal organ that produces an elaborate bird song.]

Breeding male Citrine Wagtail have a spectacular bright yellow head with contrasting body colors - black collar and gray back.

How to reach Keoladeo National Park?

How to reach Keoladeo National Park, Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Keoladeo National Park by air? Which is the nearest airport to
Keoladeo National Park ?
You could reach Keoladeo National Park by air either by traveling to Delhi or Jaipur. Nearest airport is Agra Airport but it has very limited connectivity.
Distance between Delhi International Airport to Keoladeo National Park is about 211 km.
Distance between Jaipur International Airport to Keoladeo National Park is about 188 km.

How to reach Keoladeo National Park by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Keoladeo National Park ?
Bharatpur railway station is the nearest to Keoladeo National Park and it is at a distance of about 5.5 km.

How to reach Keoladeo National Park by road?
Game driving to Keoladeo National Park - seems like a short drive of less than 1-4 hours…
Distance between Agra and Keoladeo National Park is 56 km
Distance between Mathura and Keoladeo National Park is 44 km
Distance between Jaipur and Keoladeo National Park is 183 km
Distance between Delhi and Keoladeo National Park is 223 km

The best time to visit Bharatpur Bird Sanctuary is through the year - if you prefer opting for the cooler months than between November to February is ideal time to travel to Keoladeo National Park.

Musician at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

During the times of Narasimhadeva river Chandrabhaga was flowing near Konark Sun Temple and so were the roaring waves of the Bay of Bengal. In the 13th century the towns around these banks both the river and the sea were flourishing as they were important – domestic and international trade centers of the Eastern Ganga dynasty.

Grand and impressive even in its ruin, today the Konark temple represents unparalleled sculptural brilliance of the Kalinga architectural conception. Built as a colossal celestial chariot carrying Surya dev with twelve pairs of lavishly carved wheels, drawn by seven galloping horses. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

This sculpted frame is that of a musician playing bansuri at Konark Sun Temple in Orissa.

Surasundaris at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

What do temples of Khajuraho in Madhya Pradesh or Rani ki Vav stepwell in Gujarat and Konark Sun Temple have in common - stunning celestial beauties that grace these monuments - you could call them apsaras or surasundaris each distinct from the other with their postures or expressions.

Konark may be famous for its imposing proportions or architectural grandeur - what should stump most of us is its fluid carvings - intricate images of apsaras or surasunadris, male and female musicians, mythological narratives, hindu divinities, nagas as well as panels of flowers and animals. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

You can find sculpted hindu divinities – Shiva, Parvati Vishnu, Narasimha or Krishna and Gajalakshmi in Jagmohana as well as on the medallions of the chariot wheels. Jagamohana also has sculptures of Indra, Agni, Varuna, and Âdityas known as Vedic deities.

Intricate carvings at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Literally every bit of space is carved and sculpted celebrating life - Sculptures at Konarak Sun Temple edged with their exquisite latticework and scroll art - depict mythical celestial beings, birds and animals, decorative floral and geometrical motifs apart from deities and apsaras 


Konark does have explicit scenes of passion that adorn its walls - an uninhibited celebration of sexuality as seen at Khajuraho though much smaller in scale and number and these maithuna images are seen right next to panels celebrating day to day life. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Chariot Wheel at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The pair of 12 intricately carved wheels at the Sun Temple - many may see them as ruins – each of them is actually a glorious reminder of the the boundless creative energy of artisans and their impressive collective contribution standing majestically over centuries on the sandy coast of the Bay of Bengal.

There are a few symbolic interpretations of wheels as well as their number – 12 pairs of wheels could represent the zodiac signs; or the wheels could represent 12 months – or you could interpret it as 24 hours in a day. Many would simply look at them and see – ‘Wheels of Life!’

Spokes of these wheels served as sundials in ancient time – and its 8 spokes per wheel are referred to as praharas approximately 3 hours long.

The seven pairs of animated horses that drive the stone chariot - stand for the days of the week or the seven colors of the rainbow – or the seven spirited horses of Surya Dev’s Ratha are Gayatri, Brihati, Ushnih, Jagati, Trishtubha, Anushtubha and Pankti. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Sun God Sculpture at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Kalinga artisans wanted to personify God Surya as a unified manifestation of the Trinity- the morning sun is identified with Brahma, the creator; the midday-sun is identified with Vishnu, the preserver; the evening sun is characterized by Shiva, the destroyer – and thus they sculpted three images of Surya on three sides of the main temple. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Prabhat Surya - the sculpted Surya of the south, is showered with rays of morning-sun and is signified with a portayal of youth and energetic dynamism describing Surya Prabhat.
Madhyanna-Surya or midday Surya dev is standing expressing full vigor on the western side.
Astachala-Surya or the setting Sun found on the northern wall - Sun god ending the day by riding on the back of the last horse shown with folded legs - or being tired after a tough day.

Ashva sculpture at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Frame of a triumphant stallion at the Konark Sun Temple in Orissa.

The well adorned imperial war-horse though broken - speaks for itself - so magnanimously sculpted - blatantly portraying strength and valor.

The adept Kalinga sculptor/s have shown that they can bestow even a war-horse with human expressions - every muscle in the ‘ashva’s’ body is thrusted towards portraying triumphant action by crushing the enemies under his hooves with the same fire and passion of his warrior master. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Gaja sculpture at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Sun Temple of Konark represents a striking creation of ancient Kalinga architecture as it depicts grace and the rhythm of life. At one end you would be astonished by endless intricate carvings - almost done with a jeweler's exactitude and in contrast you turn towards these audacious free standing sculptures exceptionally mammoth in size. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Lotus roof at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

This particular sculpture almost 5 feet in diameter - a stone carved lotus - with its petals bearing images of apsaras or surasundaris in various dancing postures. - is placed in front of the Natya Mandapa - Scholars believe that this may have been the center stone on the top of the roof of the Natya Mandir at Konark Sun Temple.

Some historians believe Natya Mandapa never had any roof.

How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

How to reach Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, India?

How to reach Konark Sun Temple by air? Which is the nearest airport to Konark Sun Temple?
The nearest airport to Konark Sun Temple is Bhubaneswar International Airport which is at a distance of about 63 km

How to reach Konark Sun Temple by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Konark Sun Temple?
The nearest railway station to Konark Sun Temple is Puri Railway Station which is at a distance of about 35 km.

Best time to visit Konark Sun Temple is in between the cooler months of November to February.

Why visit Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

You don’t have to visit in person to see this temple extraordinaire! An imposing stone chariot of Surya dev with twelve pairs of ornate wheels pulled by seven pairs of animated stone sculpted horses – these kind of pictures and videos help, don’t they - but to really understand the words ‘majestic’ and ‘grandeur’ applied to carved or sculpted distinguished marvels centuries ago you would have to vsiti the Konark Sun Temple. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

Surya dev at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

You should explore the Konark Archaeological Museum as it has many freestanding statuary and panels – it is located within the same compound as the temple. How to reach Konark Sun Temple?

This sculpted frame is of Surya Dev which was found at the Konark Sun Temple and preserved at its Museum.

Note - Legend states that the place where Konark Sun Temple has been built is sacred and even Śiva and Surya have performed severe penance in this Arka Kshetra. According to Puranas this Arka Kshetra has healing attributes and also absolves all sins.

Batuk Bhairav at Konark Sun Temple, Orissa, A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Konark Archaeological Museum houses interesting collection of statues, panels and objects excavated from the Konark site including the structural parts that have fallen from the Sun Temple. It also houses manuscripts and paintings apart from the sculptures.

Konark Archaeological Museum was established in 1968 and is maintained by the Archeological Survey of India (ASI).

This sculpted frame is of Batuk Bhairav which was found at the Konark Sun Temple and now preserved in its Museum.

Amer Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

With a legendary past encompassing more than seven centuries the artistic Amer Fort or Amber Fort is a hill fort which was originally built by the Meenas, and later ruled by Raja Man Singh I.

Popularly also referred to as Amer or Amber Palace this opulent structure built by Raja Man Singh I in the 16th century has a melange of both Hindu and Mughal styles. It is designed at four levels - you have the Diwan-e-Aam, the Diwan-e-Khas, the Sheesh Mahal and the Sukh Niwas. One is usually found spellbound by the magnificence of the palace that is made of red sandstone contrasted against white marble filled with carvings and paintings detailed by precious stones and even mirrors. How to reach Amer Fort or Amber Fort, Rajasthan, India?

The Amer palace is connected with the Jaigarh Fort by a subterranean passage that was meant to be used as an escape route in times of war.

Chittorgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Chittor fort covers an area of 700 acres - with its soaring towers dominating its majestic fortifications + seven massive stone gates + restricted successive, narrower defense passages + a 13 km long perimeter wall with integrated circular enforcements beyond which is a 45° hill slope - successive rulers worked tirelessly to ensure that Chittorgarh fort was inaccessible and a mighty challenge for its enemies. The first Chittor fort structure is believed to have been established in the 5th century and successively fortified for at least 7-8 centuries.

Chittor Fort complex has 65 historic monuments or structures that includes 4 palace complexes, 19 main temples, 4 memorials and about 20 functional water bodies. How to reach Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

Kirti Stambha, Chittorgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Kirti Stambh dedicated to Adimath or Rishabhnath the first Jain Tirthankar was built by a wealthy Jain merchant - Jija Bagherwala. The seven storeyed tall stambh has serene sculptures of Sri Adinatha along with many Jain saints which are surrounded by exquisite carvings of the Digambar sect. How to reach Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

Exquisite carvings at Chittorgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Chittorgarh Fort - the most glorious symbol of the indomitable Rajput spirit has much to offer - ornate temples elaborately covered with carvings and sculptures of celestial figures, gods, goddesses and saints. How to reach Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

Mandirs in Chittorgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

You will find both hindu temples and Jain temples at the Chittorgarh Fort. How to reach Chittorgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

Hindu temples include - Kalikamata Temple (8th century) - the Kshemankari Temple (825–850) - the Kumbha Shyam Temple (1448) - the Adbuthnath Temple (15th–16th century)

Jain temples include - Sattaees Devari - Shringar Chauri (1448) - Sat Bis Devri (mid-15th century)

Plus the two tower memorials, Kirti Stambh (12th century) and Vijay Stambha (1433–1468), are Jain monuments and are visible from most locations of the fort complex.

Sculpted pavilions at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Kailash temple is an artistic expression hewn out of the earth itself where hands, heart, minds and intense spiritual devotion worked in unanimity to execute a stupendous interpretation of'Siva's Kailasha'.

Surrounded by its carved and sculpted pavilions full of gods and goddesses, apsaras, dwarfs, demons, battle scenes narrating myths and legends - it might almost feel as though one has stepped into another world.

How to reach Ellora Caves?

Vertical monuments at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Kailash has been called the most stupendous single work of art ever executed in India. The chisel impressions of the ancient masons remain, intangible reminders of how these passionate, squabbling, dancing, playing figures were shaped. Faith created Kailash; but even the most die-hard atheist cannot help but be moved by its awesome energy.

The victory pillars or Dhwaja-stambha are placed symmetrically flanking the Nandi mandapa visually enhancing the verticality of the monument. Dhwajastambhas once upon a time were decorated with trishul on their capitals of these pillars which are long since gone. How to reach Ellora Caves?

August aura of Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Majestic victory pillars or Dhwaja-stambha are found on both the sides of the Nandi shrine at the Kailash Temple, Ellora, along with mammoth sculpted elephants delivering an august aura to the ancient Kailash temple. The dhwajastambhas are 45 feet high seem perfect even today standing tall since centuries lending dignity to the temple. How to reach Ellora Caves?

You will find epics Mahabharata and Ramayana sculpted in horizontal tiers on either side of the main temple on the exterior wall behind the dhwajastambhas.

Dhwajastambha, Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The famed rock victory pillar is a sight to behold even in an ancient illustration. The victory pillar is known as the Dhwajasthamba and there are two of them on both sides of Nandi mandapa which is a rock-carved pavilion for the vahana of Shiva. Each dhvajastambhas has square shafts carved with horizontal bands both on the upper and lower parts - these shafts are crowned by cushion capitals. Dhvajastambhas have gleaming carved divinities in the middle. How to reach Ellora Caves?

This frame / lithograph is by James Fergusson and Thomas Dibdin, published in 1839. James Fergusson was a Scottish architectural historian (22 January 1808 – 9 January 1886) who was well known for his work on historical architecture and antiquities across the world and especially India.

Imperial Elephants at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Kailash temple sits on a high plinth that is adorned with figures of elephants. It seems that the elephants are carrying the weight of the vimana of Kailash temple.

Elephants at Kailash temple, Ellora re-emphasize the imperial connection to the monument as built during the reign of Rashtrakuta dynasty. Interestingly, most of the Rashtrakuta monuments have monumental elephants carved as seen at the Jain caves at Ellora and at Pattadakkal. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Note: This illustration was sourced from Popular Science Monthly Volume 41 Published in 1892. Drawing by M Albert Tissandier titled The Temples of Kylas, Ellora, India.

Shikhara of Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

If Ajanta exudes a still, unassailable peace, Kailash temple is a celebration of thunderous power reflecting the fearsome dance of Shiva transforming a free-standing monolith built top-down from living mountain rock.

When you actually explore the effect of Kailasha at Ellora in person it will seem not as a structure laboriously built over centuries, but as a miracle coalesced into being by the power of its own purpose.

The wall and the shikhara of the Kailash temple have been conceived in a manner that increases the verticality of the structure emphasized by the flying figures carved on the wall. The niche decorations leaping out help accentuate exuberance. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Late M. K. Dhavalikar prominent Indian historian and archaeologist’s theory states that Kokasa was the chief architect of the Kailasa temple and he accomplished the impossible feat during medieval period of carving and sculpting a rock cut temple from the top down - so he could finish the shikhara of Kailasha within a week's time.

The local medieval legend mentioned in Katha-Kalpataru by Krishna Yajnavalki (1470-1535 CE) states that the local king was suffering from an unknown disease and his Queen, Manikeshwari prayed to the Shiva in the form of Grishneshwar - and pledged that she would construct a Shiva temple if her husband was cured. Once the king was cured she went on a nirjala fast until she could see the shikhar or the top of the proposed Shivalaya. (Nirjala means without a drop of water)

Most architects declared it to be an impossible task to build a Shikhara first or for it to built in days - Kokasa a talented young architect built the shikhara within 7 days so the queen could break her fast successfully. Kailash temple was then named Manikeshwar after the queen.

Forms of Shiva at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Kailash temple is inundated with sculptures and carvings you would be able to explore Shiva as a great warrior, as an exceptional dancer, kind and charitable who grants boons as well as a guru.

In slightly complex mythological terms the many forms of Shiva that Ellora exhibits flamboyantly include Shiva as SamharaMurti (Gajantaka and Andhakasuravadhamurti) or Shiva as Anugrahamurti (Ravananugraha) or Shiva as Nrittamurti (Nataraja) along with many other Hindu divinities.

How to reach Ellora Caves?

Central Shrine at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The central shrine at Kailash temple houses an enormous stone lingam and is based on a high pitha (platform) that is ornate with large sculptures of seemingly animated lions and elephants. The shrine is largely covered with rock sculptures and carvings - be it the 16 pillars, windows, the inner and outer chambers even the niches have images of hindu deities and divinities.

The main shrine is inundated by subsidiary shines found at different corners and are arranged in sync with panchayatana tradition. Three subsidiary shrines are dedicated to Ganga, Saraswati and Yamuna - the river goddesses. You will also find sculptures of Ganga on a makara at the centre, Yamuna on a kachhapa (tortoise) and Saraswati on a lotus. How to reach Ellora Caves?

An Illustration of Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Another celestial myth around Kailash Temple at Ellora is that when devas looked down from the sky and saw the aesthetic truth of Kailasa with its dramatic n sculpted storytelling designed on a mammoth scale they were were convinced that Shiva himself must have created this legendary monument as it is impossible for humans to build such a marvel on their own. How to reach Ellora Caves?

This frame is from the Illustration of the Rock-cut Temples of India by James Fergusson - a Scottish architectural historian (22 January 1808 – 9 January 1886) who was well known for his work on historical architecture and antiquities across the world and especially India.

Gajalakshmi, Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

There is a huge panel of Gajalakshmi seated on a lotus as soon as you cross the main portico of Kailash temple. There are four elephants in the panel and the larger ones on the top are pouring water from a pot over Gajalakshmi whilst the smaller elephant are depicted filling the pots with water from the carved kshirsagar or the ocean of milk (Lakshmi was born as a result of churning of the Kshirsagar). Symbolically the four elephants represent the four cardinal directions. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Mahabharata panel at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Ellora caves is full of beautiful mythological stories. Scenes from Mahabharata can be found carved for eternity on the northern face of the staircase that leads to the upper level of gudhamandapa, Kailash temple.

One of the panel shows Arjuna performing tapasya to obtain Pashupatastra from Shiva. And another scene shows Arjuna fighting Shiva, who is disguised as the hunter Kirata. [The Pashupatastra is the most destructive weapon of Shiva and can be discharged by the mind, the eyes, words, or a bow.]

Another panel has a carved Arjuna, in disguise kidnapping Subhadra on an elephant. Another scene shows Balaram - Subhadra’s brother fighting with Arjuna. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Ramayana panel at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Gudhamandapa of the Kailash temple has scenes from Ramayana carved in eight horizontal plates. Its easy to recognize scene where Ram and Lakshman encounter demons; another scene depicts their exile to the forest; scene narrating the golden deer; Sita being kidnapped by lankapati Ravana; Hanuman lighting up Lanka; the monkey army building the setu to Lanka, the battle between Rama and Ravana; How to reach Ellora Caves?

Nandimandapa at Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Nandimandapa is connected with double-storied gopuram of Kailash temple with a rock bridge and its gate also connects it to gudhamandapa.

The upper level of Nandimandapa has a monumental sculpture of Nandi and its exterior is carved with sculptures of devas including Vishnu and Shiva. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Gajasura. Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This frame is of rock sculpted Shiva as the mighty Gajantaka who destroys the demon Gajasura. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Most sculptures of Gajasurasamhara in ancient India were narrated visually depicting many armed Shiva carrying attributes like the trishula, a damaru, sword, kapala, pasha, deer, ankusha, vajra, arrow, gada, khatavanga, tanka, bow, snake, the elephant's tusk and akshamala.

Shiva as Mahayogi. Kailash Temple, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Mahayogi Shiva is also known as Yogishwara - this sculpture is found in the lower level of the gudhamandapa at Kailash temple, Ellora.

Yogishwara is holding a padmasana posture seated on a double-petalled lotus pedestal, lifted by lions. He is expressing varada hasta, another hand is holding a snake, one an akshamala of rudraksha and another a lotus. Yogiswara is surrounded by devas, rishis and his ganas + sculptures depict gods with their vahanas - Indra on his Airavata, Agni on a ram, Varuna on a crocodile, Vayu on a deer... How to reach Ellora Caves?

The frame introduces us to one of the most fascinating facets of Shiva not only as a Yogiswara but as a guru and these qualities have been conferred on him by various names such as Jnana Dakshinamurti, Yoga Dakshinamurti, Vyakhyana Dakshinamurti and Vinadhara Dakshinamurti.

Shiva is called Dakshinamurti as he taught facing dakshin or the south - ironically the Dakshinamurti Shiva in Kailash temple faces west or paschim.

Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Ellora is one of the most researched historical monuments in India - you could with a few keystrokes amass tons of published material especially in English - but its enigma is still intact.

Till date its exact period is not known though there are multiple hypothesis available - made by renown scholars, historians and archaeologists over centuries. Ellora is most definitely an art and historical conundrum as its visual language and aesthetics needs further study. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Varaha Avatar, Hindu Cave 14, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 14 at Ellora caves, also known as ‘Ravan ki Khai’ is a single-storeyed hindu cave that is protected by dvarapalikas or goddesses river Ganga and Yamuna that flank its doorway.

You will find sculptures of Vishnu as Varaha with Bhudevi, GajaLakshmi, Siva and Parvati playing chausar, Nataraja, Ravananugrahamurti, and Andhakasuravadhamurti.

You will find Saptamatrika’s carved on the side of the pradakshina path and sculpture of Durga Mahishasuramardini at the rear of the mandapa.

This frame is from Hindu Cave 15 where Vishnu takes the form of Varaha to kill the demon king Hiranyaksha to free Bhudevi who is held by the demon in the deepest parts of the ocean. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Brahma and Shiva, Hindu Cave 15, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Sculpture elucidating the story when gods conspired including Brahma, Indra, Kamdeva… to get Shiva and Parvati married. Why were the gods conspiring? - As per Puranas, Taraka an asura was blessed by Brahma that he can be killed only by an infant who was '6 days old' - and gods realized that such a warrior could only be son of Shiva. Shiva and Parvati as per Puranas were destined to bring an infant warrior to the world who will help devas defeat asuras. There are many versions of this legend the one noted here is Brahma coaxing Shiva to get married to Parvati. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Ganga, Hindu Cave 21, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The architectural layout of Cave 21 symbolizes the Brahman–Prakriti relationship an interdependence of feminine and masculine energies - and this theory may have some merit as the linga (Shiva) representing the Absolute at the apex is equidistant from the sculptures of river goddesses Ganga and Yamuna or they are at the corners of an equilateral triangle - and the centre of the shrine - the linga radiates its energies outwards at the same time draws 'shakti' from nature - a life force instinct. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Nataraja and Shiv Matrikas, Hindu Cave 21, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Its mesmerizing to view this mammoth rock sculpted Natesha -this many armed Nataraja is holding a trishula, a kalasha, a snake, a damaru and agni. Shiva is shown wearing a jatamukuta and is adorned with jewelery.

The panel next to him is of saptamatrikas - goddesses that are always depicted together and play a protective role in mythology boosting Maha Shakti's power in her fight against demons. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Matrikas are the personified powers of 7 Devas - Brahmani (emerged from Brahma), Vaishnavi (Vishnu), Maheshvari (Shiva), Indrani (Indra), Kaumari (Skanda), Varahi (Varaha), Chamunda (from Devi).

Shiv Parvati Vivah, Hindu Cave 21, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This scene is found in many ancient temples - Kalyanasundara or Kalyana Sundara Murti or Panigrahana-murti (accepting the hand ritual - where the groom accepts the bride by taking her right hand in his) an iconographical depiction of the wedding of Shiva and Parvati.

Shiva and Parvati are surrounded by many divinities and celestial beings. You may see god Brahma officiating as a priest and god Vishnu and Lakshmi giving away Parvati to Shiva. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Mahishasurmardini Durga, Hindu Cave 21, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This sculpted panel narrates the story of Durga as Mahishasurmardini where Durga as the dynamic Prakriti or nature destroys the evil.

In the carved scene Durga is trampling Mahishasur who is represented both with the animal head as well as the human form of the demon. It is believed that - at the request of Brahma both Vishnu and Shiva breath out angry flames from their mouth and Durga appears from the fire in a beautiful and aggressive form. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Another carved panel of Mahishasurmardini Durga at Ellora has her seated on the lion is an ardhaparyank-asana in fight with Mahishasur. She is holding a bow in one of her hands with the other hand, she is discharging the arrows. Her other arms carry weapons like Sula-trident, Khadaga-sword and Khetak-shield.

Nataraja, Hindu Cave 21, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 21 southern antechamber or upavarnakas has a stunningly elegant sculpted Nataraja almost in motion and landscape panel of Sapta Matrika - goddesses of the Shakti tradition of Hinduism, edged by Shiva and Ganesha. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Shiv and Ravana, Hindu Cave 29, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Dhumar Lena or Hindu Cave 29 dedicated to Shiva Parvati is one of the largest excavations that had a natural waterfall or symbolically Ganga integrated into the monument.

This sculpture in Cave 29 narrates the story of egoistical Ravana, king of Lanka trying to lift Mount Kailash with his many hands. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Legend says that Ravana once tried to pass over a beautiful region up high in the Himalayas on his vimana and couldn't do so. He approached Nandi at the entrance and asked him why is he unable to fly over these mountains. Nandi replied no one is allowed to fly over Kailasha as this was the abode of Shiva and Parvati. Enraged Ravana insulted Shiva and Nandi. In retaliation Nandi cursed Ravana that monkeys would destroy him. Furious Ravana put all his 20 arms under Kailash and started lifting it. Omniscient Shiva realized that it is actually Ravana's ahankar / ego that is behind this upheaval - Shiva just presses his toe on Kailasha trapping Ravana beneath it - the sculpture highlights the same as Shiva is sitting in a ardhaparyank-asana - with one of leg dangling. It seems Ravana had to pray to Shiva for over a thousand years before he was forgiven.

Andhakasuravadha, Hindu Cave 29, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Shiva is well-known as the god of destruction or as SamharaMurti, his form is usually depicted as a terrifying deity. This frame is of Shiva as the aggressive AndhakasuravadhaMurti.

Asura Andhaka kidnaps Parvati and Shiva in the battle with the asura injures him. The injured Andhaka walks around laughing loudly with his dripping blood - as he is so blessed that every drop of blood that falls on the earth produces more forms of the asura. Shiva invokes the saptamatrikas to help stop the blood spill - thus Shiva defeats Andhaka who couldn't resurrect in his million forms. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Another Andhakasuravadhamurti at Kailash temple depicts Andhaka’s head hanging on to a trishula held by a many-armed Shiva while the other end of Shiva’s trishula pierces the elephant head of Gajasura.

Other forms of Shiva as SamharaMurti seen at Ellora especially at Kailasha include Tripurantaka, Gajantaka, Kalarimurti and Bhairava.

Nataraja, Hindu Cave 29, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Natesha or Nataraja is the NrittaMurti form of Shiva found in many places Hindu Caves at Ellora. Shiva is in a multi-armed dance stance and may or may not have a Apasmara-purusha below his right foot. According to Hindu mythology, Apasmāra is an immortal dwarf (also known as Muyalaka) who represents spiritual ignorance and Naṭaraja is symbolically suppressing or trampling Apasmara for all eternity. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Bodhisattva, Buddhist Cave 2, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Ellora has 12 Buddhist Caves that are multi-storied structures literally sculpted into the mountain face - and 11 of which are viharas or monasteries with prayer halls, living and sleeping units including kitchens. The viharas have large, small and intricate sculptures and carvings of many buddhist deities including bodhisattvas and Gautama Buddha.

Frame is from Buddhist Cave 2 at Ellora - you will find Padmapani holding a japmala and a lotus stalk. His robe is fastened round the waist by a string and he has a tiny image of Buddha carved in his head dress. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddha, Buddhist Cave 2, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The shrine in Buddhist Cave 2 at Ellora contains a colossal sculpture of Buddha seated on a lion throne holding the teaching posture. Buddha’s feet are shown resting on an almost circular plinth. The entrance of the main shrine is edged by Avalokitesvara and Manjusri. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddha and Deities, Buddhist Cave 3, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This sculpted panel is from Cave 3 at Ellora which is an unfinished vihara - buddhist cave.

Why were Viharas built? Monks approached Buddha to request creating a special vihara for temporary stay during the rainy season - originally they were expected to cross flooded rivers roaming from village to village - Buddha agreed and viharas were built for monks - it was them termed as ‘varsha-vasa’- over period of time they were used foremost for year around stay for senior or old monks and centuries later they became the temporary abode or a place for residential learning for buddhist monks. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Exquisite Relief, Buddhist Cave 5, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Ellora Buddhist Cave 5 or Mahawara Cave (used by mahar tribes) is distinct amongst the other buddhist caves at Ellora caves as it has a pair of parallel refectory benches in the centre and a Buddha statue in the rear. You will find similar design at another buddhist cave in Maharashtra (near Mumbai) called Kanheri Caves.

The main shrine of Buddha in Ellora Cave 5 is attended by Avalokitesvara with Tara, Bhrikuti on another side as well as Maitreya with goddesses on another side. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Bodhisattva, Buddhist Cave 6, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Ellora Buddhist cave architecture seems simpler than that found at Ajanta caves but appears larger and striking in scale. Ellora Caves 6, 11, 12, and 15 are believed to be fashioned to manage large number of monks and one theory suggests that Cave 6 was designed as a teaching or as a reading room. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddha Stupa, Vishwakarma Cave 10, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 10 at Ellora is also known as the Vishwakarma Cave. The chaitya-griha of the Viswakarma cave is apsidal and is divided into a central nave plus side aisles by octagonal columns that have plain bracket capitals. Right at the apsidal end of the chaitya griha is a stupa with a mammoth statue of seated Buddha expressing a vyakhyana mudra which means he is holding a teaching posture. Buddha is seated under the Bodhi tree - the griha with its vaulted roof has rock carved into gleaming beams that seem like wooden ones.

The Vīśvakarmā Cave or Cave 10 is the only Chaitya griha or a prayer hall at Ellora - as the rest of the Buddhist Caves at Ellora are Viharas. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddha Stupa, Buddhist Cave 10, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

With a multi-storied entrance - Vishwakarma’s stupa hall has a majestic 15-foot Buddha statue seated in a preaching posture. You will also find carved statues of female buddhist deities -Tara, Manjushri, Bhrikuti, Mahamayuri and male deities - Maitreya, Avalokitesvara at various levels of Cave 10.

The Vīśvakarmā cave seems to have the same architectural design as seen in chaitya-griha's of Ajanta Caves no 19 and 26. It features a chandrashala or an arched window enabling natural light or sun rays to fall on to the stupa.

Architecturally the cave's rock beams seem as though they have been given a wooden beam like finish and hence this cave is also referred to as the 'Carpenter's Cave’. Thus frequented by carpenters who worship Buddha as Vishwakarma - the chief patron of their craft. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Bodhisattva, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Ellora is one of the Buddhist sites in India where we get to see the Ashta Bodhisattva mandala - (Buddha is encircled by bodhisattvas like Avalokitesvara, Vajrapani, Maitreyi, Manjushri, amongst others). Worship of mandalas in Buddhism, where the Buddha and Bodhisattvas are worshipped through specific designs is important.

The presence of forms Shakti in Cave 12 where you see sculptures of Tara, Bhrikuti, Janguli, Chunda amongst others - suggesting that by 7th century female goddesses had occupied a significant place in Buddhism and were worshipped alongside Bodhisattvas.

In this partial frame we find Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and Bodhishakti Tara at Buddhist Cave 12 of Ellora. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Bodhisattvas, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Avalokitesvara is the most prominent Bodhisattva worshipped after Buddha and you can literally find more than 100 sculptures at Ellora. You would also find forms of Avalokitesvara at the Buddhist caves of Ellora - such as Rakta-Lokeshvara, Shadakshari Lokeshvara, Ashtamahabhaya Avalokiteshvara, …

Tara is one of the most vital Bodhishakti and is worshipped as a female counterpart of Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and is seen in many buddhist caves at Ellora. Tara is worshipped as a goddess of mercy or karuna and her devotees include merchants, traders, monks, apart from common people.

In this partial frame we find Bodhisattva Avalokitesvara and Bodhishakti Tara at Buddhist Cave 12 of Ellora. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddha, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 12 at Ellora is an amazing cave to explore both for its architectural plan and the sheer number of sculptures at all the levels. The Buddha shrines, seem to be almost outnumbered by the divine Bodhisattavas and Bodhishaktis.

The ground floor of Cave 12 is shaped like an inverted letter T supported by pillars and the antechamber and a large Buddha shrine is placed right at the end on a high lion-throne, holding a dhyani-mudra. You will find sculptures of Maitreya and Manjusri carved on either side of the door of the shrine. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddhas n Bodhisattva, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 12 is known for its classic Dhyani Buddha panels - they represent the qualities of the Buddha called ‘thatagatas’ and these figures are important in understanding mandalas in Vajrayana Buddhism. The Dhyani Buddhas are aspects of wisdom that help embody the principle of enlightenment in Buddhism. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Buddhas, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

At both the ends of each aisle at Cave 12 you will find identical seated images of the meditative seated buddhas flanked by Avalokitesvara and Vajrapani on either side under the Bodhi Tree. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Painted Bodhisattva, Buddhist Cave 12, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

When you take the staircase to reach the next level of Cave 12 you will find that the walls of the staircase are covered with carvings of Mandala plus Avalokitesvara, Vajrapani, Tara, Kunda and Bhrikuti - each of them sculpted with halos.

Vajrayana - Vajra represents thunderbolt which cannot be broken, burned or destroyed and hence depicts indestructibility of Buddhism. Vajrapani is prominently carved in the Buddhist caves at Ellora where he is seen around the Buddha either in triads or in Ashta-maha-bodhisattva mandalas, and is seen individually too.

Cave 12 is a monastery that has three levels sculpted out of a rock communicating Vajrayana buddhism characteristics. Ellora is full of sculptures of Bodhisattvas and Bodhishaktis surrounding Buddha. Avalokitesvara, Maitreya, Vajrapani and Manjushri are important Bodhisattvas depicted in these buddhist caves. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Evocative sculpture, Jain Cave 32, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Whilst Ajanta Caves wins hands down as an exponent of it’s luminescent art - Ellora stands out for its sculptures - 'even an unfinished statue found in Ellora Jain Cave 32 - seem to rise evocatively, exuding calm and serenity - reinforcing the basic Indian values that any and every point has a potential of divine. The Ellora Caves complex is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Jain Cave 32, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Not only is the Ellora Caves Complex a unique artistic blend but extravagantly illustrates the spirit of tolerance that existed in ancient India with its rock cut temples and monasteries or one can say sanctuaries devoted to Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Tīrthaṅkar sculptures in Ellora Jain temples are mostly depicted - holding a Padmāsana expressing a dhyāna mudrā, the gesture of meditation and in a Kayotsarga a yogic posture - expressing standing meditation.

Ambika in Ellora Cave 32, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This sculpture found in the upper level of Jain Cave 32 at Ellora - depicts Goddess Ambika seated on her lion under a mango tree that is laden with fruits; Ambika is known to be the protector goddess of the Tirthankara Neminatha. (Many refer to this sculpture also as that of Yakshini Siddhayika - or the goddess of fertility - sitting below a mango tree.)

You will find Yakshi Ambika and Yaksha Sarvanubhuti featured in many Jain Caves of Ellora be it as flanking shrines or in a fairly large size at the edges of the veranda. There are many other divine beings carved in Jain Caves of Ellora including Padmavati and goddess Chakreshvari. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Note - As per Jain ancient texts - Yakshas and Yakshinis were appointed by Indra to look after the well-being of Tirthankaras. Jain art depicts them around Jinas in Jain temples and are found in pair of a male (yaksha - found on the right) and a female (yakshini found on the left). In the earlier period of Jainism, they were mainly depicted as devotees of Jina but as the time passed by people started to worship them too. Also not all Yaksha or Yakshinis are benevolent as some can have malicious intent. (The term Jina describes a human being who has achieved omniscience and then teaches and guides other people wanting to walk the path to liberation or mokṣha-mārga. Jina as a 'term' used interchangeably with Tīrthankara.)

Indra Sabha or Jain Cave 32, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Frame is of the Shikhara of Indra Sabha or Jain Cave 32 at Ellora.

When you visit in person one cannot miss the crowned manastambha or the monolithic elephant enclosed by a prakara wall in Jain Cave 32 or as popularly known since centuries Indra Sabha. Both the manastambha and the monolithic elephant seem similar in design to the ones found in the court of Kailasa or Hindu Cave 16. How to reach Ellora Caves?

You will find many shrines dedicated to Mahavira and other Jain divinities along with exquisitely carved pillars, large divine panels aesthetically sculpted in the upper level of Cave 32.

Indra in Ellora Cave 32, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Historians had confused the Jain Yakshas for being a form of Indra, (Yakshas are divine beings also found in Hindu and Buddhist artworks) - as such the name of the temple 'Indra Sabha' is believed to be a misnomer. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Indra is a well-known deity to Hindu, Buddhist as well as Jain devotees. As per Jain holy text - Indra is the king of the first Jain heaven, Saudharmakalpa and and there are 64 Indras, each ruling over different heavenly realms where souls who have not yet gained Kaivalya or Moksha are reborn. 

This frame can be of Indra - king of the first Jain heaven as noted above or its a sculpture of Matanga Yaksha known as God of prosperity - sitting on an elephant under the banyan tree.

Tirthankaras at Ellora Cave 32, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 32 or Indra Sabha is a double storied cave belonging to the Jain Digambara sect which was excavated in the 9th century. It has a 'sarvatobhadra mandapa', with four Tirthankaras of Jainism – Rshibha (1st), Neminatha (22nd), Parsvanatha (23rd) and Mahavira (24th) aligned to four cardinal directions.

Historically the Indra Sabha or Jain Cave 32 is very significant as it contains proof of active worship by the Jain community in ancient times - layered deposits and textual records including details on rituals were found held in the upper level. How to reach Ellora Caves?

Tirthankaras, Jain Cave 34, Ellora Caves, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Jain Cave 34 at Ellora, compared to other caves is a small one - covered with rich rock cut sculptures. This frame is of Tirthankaras at ELlora Cave 34. How to reach Ellora Caves?

How to reach Ellora Caves, Near Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India?

The sculpted panel is from Hindu Cave 29 depicting Shiv Parvati Vivah, part of the Ellora Caves complex which is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Historians believe it took more than 500 years - right from the 5th to 11th century to sculpt rock cut temples - and Ellora is the only cave complex where rock cut temples of three major religions in India co-exist - Buddhism, Hinduism and Jainism.

Unlike Ajanta, Ellora has not been totally ignored and has had living temples and monasteries for centuries.

Ellora has more than 100 caves - but - only 12 Buddhist Caves, 17 Hindu Caves, and 5 Jain caves are open to visitors.

How to reach Ellora Caves by air? Which is the nearest airport to Ellora Caves?
Aurangabad airport is the nearest airport to Ellora Caves and is at a distance of about 36 km.

How to reach Ellora Caves by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Ellora Caves?
Aurangabad railway station is the nearest to Ellora Caves and it is at a distance of about 29 km. Aurangabad is well connected by train to many cities in India.

The best time to visit Ellora Caves is from November to February as the climate is much cooler.

Kumbhalgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Built on the highest point of Kumbhalgarh Fort - literally an uphill steep climb - and is definitely worth your time - is Badal Mahal or Palace in the Clouds. Built by the Rana of Mewar, Rana Fateh Singh in typical Rajput style - the palace is divided in two distinct parts namely the Zenana Mahal (for royal women) and Mardana Mahal (for royal men). The palace walls are ornate with beautiful paintings and delicately carved friezes - the Zenana mahal has exquisite lattice work or stone jalis that would enable the queens to watch important events. How to reach Kumbhalgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

You can catch scenic views of Aravalli Range or the sand dunes of the Thar dessert from the top of the palace.

Yagya Mandir or Vedic Temple at Kumbhalgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Vedi temple was built by Rana Kumbha in the 15th century for performing yagya's and rituals after the completion of the Kumbhalgarh fort. It is located near Hanuman Pol at Kumbhalgarh fort. How to reach Kumbhalgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

Must see 'sights' when you visit the Kumbhalgarh fort would be Kumbha palace, Badal mahal, birthplace of Maharana Pratap, and elaborately carved Hindu and Jain temples.

Special mention - do ask the local guide about the heroic story of the unwavering patriot Panna dai - her extreme sacrifice saved the crown prince Udai Singh (Maharana Prtap's father) - Panna dai did so by replacing her own son Chandan in place of the crowned prince - Chandan was brutally murdered by the prince - Udai Singhs's distant uncle Bhanbir Singh.

Temples at Kumbhalgarh Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Did you know there are about 350+ temples within the Kumbhalgarh Fort and most are ancient Jain temples with a few Hindu temples.

You will find NeelKanth Mahadeva temple on the eastern side of the fort built during the 15th century. It is believed that Maharana Kumbha would start his day by offering prayers to the monolithic soaring shivling made out of black kasoti stone - and local folklore says that Rana was so tall that when he sat to pray his eyes were at the same level as that of the shivling. How to reach Kumbhalgarh Fort, Rajasthan, India?

The Parsvanatha Jain Temple was built in the early 16 century and is found on the eastern side.

Ranthambore Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Located atop a hill near Sawai Madhopur, Ranthambore Fort is a formidable monument found within Ranthambore National Park and has withstood many sieges. Ranthambore Fort is a UNESCO World Heritage Site under the group Hill Forts of Rajasthan. How to reach Ranthambore Fort, Rajasthan, India?

The fortress was captured by many kings of Mewar and Ranthambore was under the direct rule of Rana Hamir Singh (1326–1364), Rana Kumbha (1433–1468) and Rana Sanga (1508–1528).

Ranthambore fort has three Hindu temples dedicated to Shiva, Ganesh and Ram built in the 12th and 13th centuries. There is also a Jain temple of Tirthankars Sumatinath and Sambhavanath.

How to reach Ranthambore Fort, Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Ranthambore Fort by air? Which is the nearest airport to Ranthambore Fort?
Jaipur Airport is the nearest airport to Ranthambore Fort and is at a distance of about 182 km.

How to reach Ranthambore Fort by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Ranthambore Fort?
Sawai Madhopur Junction - Railway Station is the nearest railway station to Ranthambore Fort and is at a distance of about 14 km.

The best time to visit Ranthambore Fort is from October to March.

Jaisalmer Fort Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Rajput Rawal Jaisal built Jaisalmer fort in the 12th century which is also known as the Sonar Quila or the Golden Fort. It is recognized globally as an UNESCO World Heritage Site within the group Hill Forts of Rajasthan.

Jaisalmer Fort stands amidst the sandy expanse of the great Thar Desert on Trikuta Hill making the sprawling towers of its fortifications visible for many miles around. How to reach Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Jaisalmer Fort, Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Jaisalmer Fort by air? Which is the nearest airport to Jaisalmer Fort?
Jaisalmer Airport is connected to many cities in India and it is at a distance of about 15 km from Jaisalmer Fort.

You could also opt to reach Jailsalmer via Jodhpur Airport which is at a distance of about 283 km.

How to reach Jaisalmer Fort by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Jaisalmer Fort?
Jaisalmer Railway Station is well connected to many cities of India and is at a distance of about 3 km from Jaisalmer Fort.

The best time to visit Jaisalmer Fort is from October to March.

Jantar Mantar, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Maharaja Jai Singh II of Jaipur well known for his astronomy prowess built five Jantar Mantars - Jaipur, Ujjain, Mathura, Varanasi and Delhi between 1724 and 1735. The largest Jantar Mantar is in Jaipur and it is also recognized by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. The main reason to build these observatories was to compile astronomical tables and to predict the times and movements of the sun, moon and planets.

The Samrat Yantra is a stone sundial that can give the local time to an accuracy of 2 seconds. Other Yantras include - Jai Prakash Yantra, Disha Yantra, Rama Yantra, Chakra Yantra, Rashiwalay Yantra, Dingash Yantra and Utaansh Yantra. The words Jantar and Mantar (or Yantra and Mantra) mean a calculation instrument. How to reach Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Jantar Mantar, Jaipur Rajasthan, India?

How to reach Jantar Mantar - Jaipur by air? Which is the nearest airport to Jantar Mantar - Jaipur?
Jaipur International Airport is well connected in India and is at a distance of about 13 km from Jantar Mantar.

How to reach Jantar Mantar - Jaipur by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Jantar Mantar - Jaipur
Jantar Mantar is located at a distance of about 6 km from Jaipur Railway Station. Jantar Mantar is within walking distance from Jaipur City Palace.

The best time to visit Jantar Mantar - Jaipur would be in the cooler months of November to March.

Ajanta Caves, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

A Panoramic View of Ajanta Caves - Lying along the gorge of Waghur river Ajanta Caves were carved during two distinct periods, the first from 200 B.C to 100 A.D and the second from around the 5th to 6th century AD. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

The chaityas and viharas at Ajanta caves were used for meditation, a place to rest but predominantly as a place for everyone to learn be it the residing monks or travelers or visiting devotees.

The sculptures, paintings, murals and reliefs at Ajanta Caves are also a chronicle a rhythmic narration of every aspect of human life from birth to death depicting and reflecting all aspects of contemporary life beliefs, gods, culture - even weapons used, ornaments worn…

Devotees of Buddha during that time were supposed to walk through the cave and read the paintings which were used as a medium of communicating Buddha's teachings about 'life through successive rebirth'.

Painting of Bodhisattva Padmapani, Ajanta Cave 1, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Avalokiteśvara or Padmapani’s painting can be found to the left of the main shrine in Ajanta Cave 1. The term “bodhisattva” refers to a person who has been awakened by the Buddhist spirit and according to Mahayana doctrine, Avalokiteśvara postponed his ascension into Buddhahood until he assisted every being in achieving Nirvana. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Avalokiteśvara has innumerable forms across Asia. Originally, a masculine form, Avalokiteśvara is also known as the feminine Guanyin in China, and Kuan Yin in Japan.

In the painting, he is delicate as well as elegant. He is adorned with pearls, amethyst, and his magnificent crown in ancient times must have shown extreme detail that has faded over time.

Padmapani’s eyes are lowered - many attribute that as being in a meditative state - his spirituality does set the tone and mood of the cave. In his right hand, he holds a lotus blossom, which is a symbol representig his spiritual awakening.

Painting of Mahajanaka from Jataka Tales, Ajanta Cave 1, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 1 is well known for many significant murals and paintings apart from bodhisattvas Padmapani and Vajrapani. Embellished in the 5th century or the Vakataka period - it is fairly easy to detect scenes from Jataka Tales that visually narrate Mahajanaka, Mahaummagga, Champeyya ++

This scene is one of the paintings depicting the Mahajanaka Jataka tale where the king announces his abdication to become an ascetic. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Paintings from the Second Phase are extensively narrative in form with multiple scenes stitched to form a visual storyline. 

The caves of the first phase were fully painted but only a small part of the original paintings survive as they were abandoned for centuries.

Painting of Mahajanaka[2] from Jataka Tales, Ajanta Cave 1, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Frame cosntitutes Mahajanaka denouncing his kingdom and riding out of his palalce with a large retinue - part of the Mahajanaka Jataka tale.

Most caves are built in a horse shoes shape and so is Cave no 1 at Ajanta Caves Complex. It was the last one to be excavated as well as universally appreciated as the most stunning - it does have many well-preserved paintings. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Amongst the many tales of Jataka depicted in paintings and sculptural panels in Cave 1 - the narrative is believed to have accentuated royal splendor - bsically you will find many Jataka tales depicting 'kings in Cave 1' - it is believed that the Vakataka King Harisena or his ministers may have strongly influenced the content as it was funded by King Harisena.

Painting of Hamsa Jataka Tale, Ajanta Cave 1, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Painting from Ajanta Cave 1, depicts a scene from Hamsa Jataka - Bodhisattva who lived as a golden goose - and in this frame the King and his courtiers are listening to the golden goose with rapt attention. Faintly one can see the golden goose sitting on a throne at the bottom right corner of the painting and women holding a plate of fruits. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Jataka tales are usually about stories around the many incarnations of Buddha – originally passed to generations in an oral form – at Ajanta it was conveyed in its extensive and impressive form available to anyone irrespective of ideologies or faith or devotion.

Columns at Ajanta Cave 1, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Do spend a few moments reflecting on the ornamentation over the exterior of Cave 1 as it has one of the most embellished sculpted façades with many carved panels on columns and ridges. The decorative motifs on the porch are interspersed with scenes carved from Buddha's life, interspersed with Meditating monks, Apsaras, and even Lions, Elephants, Horses and Bulls. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Rock Sculpted Buddha, Ajanta Cave 2, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 2 is believed to have been carved during the Vakataka rule or between 475 and 477 CE. You would also find paintings that depict the Hamsa, Vidhurapandita, Ruru, Kshanti Jataka tales and the Purna Avadhana. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

The second period of sculpting and carving is also known as the Vakataka period (5th century) - as many caves were being built or re-embellished under the patronage of the Vakataka dynasty and predominantly by King Harisena. And by the 6th century with the fall of Vakataka dynasty the caves were once again abandoned.

The second period was dominated by Mahayana Buddhism and some believe had Hindu influences too. 
Ajanta caves during both periods were predominantly used by Buddhist monks as centers of residential learning and meditation.

Sculpture of Hariti, Ajanta Cave 2, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Do not miss the stark and stunning panel of goddess Hariti in Cave 2. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

As per ancient Buddhist legend, Hariti was a Yakshini (Yalshas, Yakshinis are divine beings with benevolent and malicious characteristics), also a demoness largely feared as she kidnapped infants to feed her hundreds of children. The bereaved mothers pleaded to Buddha to save them. Buddha hid Hariti's youngest child and a desperate Hariti after having searched everywhere reached Buddha to seek his help.

Buddha helped her understand that her pain and anguish for her missing child was no different than the agony and sadness felt by the parents of infants she and her children had eaten. Hariti then vowed to protect all children, and would now on eat and feed only pomegranates instead of flesh. Following her remorse and repentance, the Buddha blessed Hariti in being a protector not just of unborn children or expectant mothers, but also of Buddhist stupas, viharas, people and morals.

Note - Hariti is not only believed to be protective deity and fertility goddess in Buddhism - but is considered divine in Jainism and Hinduism too. Hariti is also the consort of Panchika Kubera, King of the Yakshas and Lord of Wealth.

Painting, Ajanta Caves 2, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The exemplary artistry and finesse found at Ajanta shines through the blackened surfaces as the sculptural or painted narratives flow unrestricted from one cave wall to the next effortlessly – as though waiting for us to discover the many teachings or tales within them. We are specifically talking about Ajanta Caves 1, 2, and 26. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

This painting depicts Birth of Buddha.

Ornate Column, Ajanta Cave 2, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The exterior part of Ajanta Cave 2 and its hall are supported by robust pillars that have detailed carvings and paintings that include flowers, animals, local people or the divine. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Buddha in Ajanta Cave 4, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 4 is an unfinished Vihara that houses a mammoth image of the Buddha in preaching pose flanked by bodhisattvas and apsaras flying above. It has an exquisitely sculpted door frame and the rear wall of its verandah contains the panels of Avalokitesvara. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Buddha in Abhaya Mudra, Ajanta Cave 6, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 6 is two-storey vihara - a monastery where both levels have attached cells. The colossal Buddha shrine in Cve 6 is seated on a throne. The walls and sanctum's door frame are intricately carved with themes with mythical creatures, apsaras, elephants.

Art on the lower level walls depict the Miracle of Sravasti and the Temptation of Mara legends. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Painting in Ajanta Cave 6, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

This painting in Cave 6 where Buddha is seated expressing dharmachakra mudra or a teaching posture is one the most intact ones and represents the Mahayana devotional worship. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Illustration of Ajanta Cave 7, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Cave 7 is a Vihara with eight small rooms for monks. The sanctum has Buddha in a preaching posture with art panels around him narrating the Miracle of Sravasti.

This frame is from the Illustration of the Rock-cut Temples of India by James Fergusson - a Scottish architectural historian  (22 January 1808 – 9 January 1886) who was well known for his work on historical architecture and antiquities across the world and especially India. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Seated Buddha in Ajanta Cave 7, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The shrine in Cave 7 is unique, as it houses an image of the enlightened one - Buddha in a sitting posture, with a halo carved over his head. Buddha in this vihara is also flanked by Bodhisattvas and flying apsaras above.

Inner walls of the Cave 7 antechamber exhibit a sculptural depiction of the Miracle of Sravasti. 25 carved seated Buddhas in various postures and facial expressions are found on the left side of the antechamber whereas the right side has 58 seated Buddha reliefs in different postures, all placed on lotus. The antechamber leads to the sanctum and you will find carved two females standing on makaras or mythical sea creatures) on its door frame.How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Chaitya without Buddha, Ajanta Cave 9, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Caves 9, 10, 12, 13 and 15 are believed to be from the first period built under the patronage of the Satavahana dynasty and these caves are largely influenced by Hinayana Buddhism. Caves 9 and 10 are Chaitya-grihas (a Buddhist prayer hall with a Stupa at one end), while caves 12, 13 and 15 are Viharas (halls of prayer and living). How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Hinayana Buddhism (earlier system of Buddhist doctrine) that spans from Buddha’s lifetime to roughly 200 AD, was a period where Buddha was revered in the form of a Stupa in prayer halls called Chaityas (you can see this cave No 9 and 10). The Stupas without a Buddha mark these caves as distinctly different from the caves from the second period between 5th and 6th century.

From the 1st century AD these caves were largely deserted for centuries and historians have not been able to find a reason yet.

Painting, Ajanta Cave 10, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The paintings in cave 10 include both Hinayana and Mahayana teachings - though the latter are discernible, the former are more faded. The paintings are numerous and from both the periods narrating the Jataka tales [+ the tale about six tusked elephants + the story about the man who dedicates his life serving his blind parents]. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Cave 10 is chaitya griha with a large single-arched entrance with an austere façade. Its stupa has no image sculpted of Buddha and the enlightened one is represented only as symbols = Bodhi tree, Paduka (wooden slippers) or the Wheel. In contrast to the stupas of the second period as in Caves 19 & 26 that have an image of Buddha sculpted on stupa's its front face.

Buddha with Sujata, Ajanta Cave 11, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Cave 11 is a vihara - a monastery built in the later period or the 5th century. The cave has a hall with a long rock bench opening into six rooms. The sanctum of this cave features a pradakshina path around the seated Buddha.

The Cave 11 also has paintings of Bodhisattvas - note paintings of Padmapani, a couple praying, peafowls, and a female figure have survived in the better condition than others. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Painted Ceiling, Ajanta Cave 17, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 17 is large and has the most advanced vihara architecture with much larger doors and windows as compared to other caves letting in more light and extensively surrounded by carved gods and goddesses as well as murals that narrate many ancient tales.

The paintings on the ceilings take on an artistic theme similar to designs you would find in saris or carpets woven brilliantly in those times captivating the eyes and applauding the skills of those ancient artisans. One of the themes is floral motifs in concentric circles. You will also find many rectangular panels filled with ornate motifs of fruits and flowers many times lotus. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Buddha in Ajanta Cave 19, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The Chaitya griha in Cave 19 like the other Chaitya caves is apsidal, with two side aisles. Its round pillars with floral reliefs have a fluted shaft topped with Buddha carvings in its capitals. elephants, horses and apsaras surround the Buddha in the capitals. It also has paintings of Buddha in different postures as well as expressing teachings via different mudras. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Buddha Stupa, in Ajanta Cave 19, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 19 is a chaitya griha or simply prayer hall which was embellished in the fifth century CE.

Cave 19 is a major departure from the earlier Hinayana Buddhist tradition as it has a huge sculpture of Buddha carved into the stupa - standing in varada hasta mudra - a depiction that supports the Mahayana Buddhist establishment. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Illustration, Ajanta Cave 19, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 19 must have looked spectacular when finished with its painted arches and painted ceilings.

This frame is from the Illustration of the Rock-cut Temples of India by James Fergusson - a Scottish architectural historian  (22 January 1808 – 9 January 1886) who was well known for his work on historical architecture and antiquities across the world and especially India. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Nagaraja in Ajanta Cave 19, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Do explore the carving of Nagaraja with his wife holding a lotus in Cave 19. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

The frame depicts Naga king Champeyya and his consort Suman in the royal palace. Champeyya tale is about the life of Bodhisattva born as a Naga king Champeyya in the Champa river married to Naga princess Sumana.

Buddha in Ajanta Cave 21, Buddha, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 21 is a vihara or a monastery and its hall has twelve rock cut chambers, a sanctum and twelve pillared and pilastered verandah.

Cave 21 has rock sculpted Buddha in a preaching posture and you can see many evidences around the hall that it was once entirely painted. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Pillars of Cave 21 have ornate reliefs that have apart from pretty Apsaras sculptures of Nagaraja and Nagarani. You can learn a lot about ancient times by the clothes and jewelry detailed in the many devotees carvings bowing down with a namaste mudra.

Relief, Ajanta Cave 23, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 23 like Cave 21, 22, and 24 is a vihara or a monastery. The cave is unfinished but does have ornate exterior especially its Naga Mucalinda sculpture. 

How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Note - Buddha meditating under the protection of Mucalinda is very common in Buddhist art. Mucalinda is a naga or as legend would have us believe its a form of the mighty King of Serpents who came from patal-lok to protect Buddha from a fierce storm. Once the storm cleared the serpent king bowed before the Buddha in his human form and returned to his palace. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Buddha Stupa in Ajanta Cave 26, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 26 is elaborate and exquisite Chaitya-griha - it has many elements that represent Buddha's life in the horseshoe shaped cave with exquisitely carved side aisles for pradikshana.

Cave 26 displays the fine sculptures of Buddha, and its fairly easy to spot the narrative sculptures of the Sravasti miracle based on the legend when Buddha revealed himself in all his various forms on the skies above the village of Sravasti. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Monks Praying at Ajanta Cave 26, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 26 is a prayer hall a chaitya-griha which is much larger than Cave 19 though has a similar structural layout. An inscription also mentions the vision behind this caves patronage 'a memorial on the mountain that will endure as long as the sun and the moon continue to shine'.

At the center of the apse in Cave 26 is a rock-cut stupa with an image of the Buddha on a base with 18 panels. The shrine has a three tiered torana as well as sculpted apsaras. On top of the stupa is a nine-tiered harmika - symbolic for nine saṃsara (Buddhism) heavens in Mahayana cosmology. The surrounding walls, pillars, the brackets are extensively filled with carvings of Buddhist teachings - even the entire path is filled with sculpted Buddhist teachings and legends. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Sculpted panel on Mara's Temptation, Ajanta Cave 26, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 26 has a large sculpted panel (this frame is only partial one) depicting the legend called the 'Temptations by Mara'.

You will find the sensual Mara's daughters trying to distract the meditating Buddha. Mara's army is sculpted on both the left and right side of the panel threatening Buddha with violence.

On the top right corner of the actual panel is the image of a frustrated Mara as he accepts his failure as he couldn't succeed in breaking ascetic Buddha's focus or resolve. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Ornate Columns, Ajanta Cave 26, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Cave 26 like Cave 1 was amongst the last excavated caves at Ajanta with elaborate sculptures surrounded by intricate carvings. How to reach Ajanta Caves?

Mara's Daughters Sculpture, Ajanta Cave 26, Maharashtra, India a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The walls at Ajanta Caves are filled with sculpted Jataka stories depicting the many lives of Buddha. Displaying extraordinary elegance its a classic way to introduce millions to the golden age of Indian artistic excellence.

This frame is part of a large sculpted panel of Temptation of the Buddha found in many caves including Ajanta Cave No 26; the sensous and beautiful daughters of Mara are carved right below Buddha.  How to reach Ajanta Caves?

How to reach Ajanta Caves, Near Aurangabad, Maharashtra, India?

Ajanta Cave No. 1 has two of the most famous paintings and Ajanta is universally known by those protective bodhisattvas - Padmapani and Vajrapani. You find these paintings on either side of the Buddha shrine. This painting is of Bodhisattvas Padmapani.

How to reach Ajanta Caves by air? Which is the nearest airport to Ajanta Caves?
Aurangabad airport is the nearest airport to Ajanta Caves and is at a distance of about 104 km.

How to reach Ajanta Caves by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Ajanta Caves?
Jalgaon railway station is the nearest to Ajanta Caves and it is at a distance of about 58 km.

You could also opt to reach by train via Aurangabad railway station and it is at a distance of about 104 km from Ajanta Caves.

Both Jalgaon and Aurangabad are well connected by train to many cities in India.

The best time to visit Ajanta Caves is from November to February as the climate is much cooler.

Photogenic Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

How do you pronounce it Siri-nagar or Sri-nagara well it may not be important but Sri-nagar also translates to Sūrya-nagar or City of the Sun. If you dwell a bit more - in Sanskrit śrī and nagar may also mean 'City of Wealth'.

Though ravaged by multiple political beliefs over painful decades - to me Srinagar exudes an eternal stillness - a promise and pure romance as your Shikara glides through the dal lake towards an ocherous sunset...

Triund, Dharamshala, Himachal Pradesh, India

Alluring Triund, is a small hill station at the foot of the majestic Dhauladhar ranges - near Mcleodganj or Dharamshala in Himachal Pradesh, India. How to reach Dharamshala?

Views be it dusk or dawns are an absolute treat for the trekkers who have decided to pitch a tent here for the night as Triund offers both the scintillating Dhauladhar Mountains and the luscious green Kangra Valley...

Frozen Indus Near Nyoma, Leh Ladakh, India

Indus erstwhile referred to as Sindhu in ancient times originates from Lake Mansarovar in Tibet and dramatically runs through jagged arid mountains across Ladakh and Zanskar regions of India. Did you know that 'India' the word itself is western transliteration of the Sanskrit word 'Sindhu' that means 'body of water' specifically the Indus - so India can also mean people of the Indus...

Munnar Lake, Kochi, Kerala, India

Meandering around furrowed ancient paths is the best way to enjoy a scintillating evening near Munnar lake... How to reach Munnar, Kerala, India?

Nubra Valley, Leh Ladakh, India

Can't really think of Nubra Valley as a far flung one - as it is prominently featured in most tours of Ladakh - these kind of pictures make even the most austere space cradled by remote rugged mountains with their glaciated peaks enchanting... Nubra valley is about 162 km away from Leh airport and takes around 5+ hours to reach. How to reach Leh?

Gandikota, Penna River, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India

Gandikota is a small village on the right bank of the river Penna, Kadapa district, Andhra Pradesh, India. There's something life affirming to watch the sun going down whilst river Pennar gurgles peacefully through the stony jagged and eroded gorge at the foot of Gandikota hills...  How to reach Gandikota?

Rangdum Village, Leh, Ladakh, India

Sighting Buddhist flags en route to Rangdum will indicate you are close by. The spectacularly beautiful Rangdum is located in the Suru valley in Ladakh region of India. Rangdum is often described as a village in the middle of nowhere - is practically uninhabited other than a couple of tiny settlements and is almost entirely Buddhist. How to reach Rangdum village?

Bedni Kund, Nanda Devi National Park, Uttarakhand, India, A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

With encircling Himalayan conifers you would find Bedini Kund a glacial lake amidst the lush green alpine meadows of Bedini Bugyal in Chamoli, Uttarakhand. A part of Nanda Devi National Park that is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO.

Bedini Kund was known as Vaitarani in ancient times and whilst trekking you may stumble upon lotus near Bedini Kund - also known as Brahm Kamal the one as per Puranas you find in the hands of Brahma or the Creator of the Universe. Did you know that Bhrahm Kamal or Saussurea obvallata is a species native to the Himalayas and the state flower of Uttarakhand?

Bedini Kund is a spring-generated waterbody (not currently) and local legend says that Vyasa composed the four Vedas at this place and you would find a pair of his wooden slippers in the nearby temple along with shrines of Durga and Gauri.

How to reach Bedni Kund via Bedini Bugyal, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India?

Martand Sun Temple, Near Srinagar, Jammu and Kashmir, India

The Martand Sun Temple is a Hindu temple dedicated to God Surya located at about 69 km from Srinagar. Martand Sun Temple was built in the 8th century and is often described as testament to the architectural achievements of Kashmir's ancient Karkota Dynasty. Much of the temple was destroyed by Islamic ruler Sikandar Butshikan in the early 15th century, and it has stood in ruins ever since.  How to reach Martand Sun Temple, Jammu and Kashmir, India?

Devikulam Lake, Munnar, Kochi, Kerala, India

If you were to venture out about 5km from Munnar across manicured tea plantations and mellow green valleys you may stumble upon Devikulum Lake. . How to reach Munnar?

Kangchenjunga at Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Trekking through the Kanchenjunga National Park one of the 'widest altitudinal ranges' of any protected area worldwide - is a tough dream to fulfill as it remains untouched by any effluence. How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park?

The Khangchendzonga National Park's unique diversity of plains, caves, lakes, steep valleys, glaciers and majestic, snow-capped mountains covered with ancient forests, including its namesake - the world’s third highest peak, Mount Kanchenjunga are just a few reasons why its vastness is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO.

Sri Harmandir Sahib or The Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

As soon as you enter the Golden Temple - it's just not your visual senses that get arrested - you stand still and mesmerized by the mere reflection of Harmandir Sahib. Even the Amrit Samovar has a way of surrounding you with a cloak of intentional calm and your spirituality is further intensified by the continuous chant from the Guru Granth Sahib that you and hundreds of fellow devotees hear - whilst all patiently await their turn to offer prayers and gratitude in person.

The Golden Temple in Amritsar is a renown and a revered gurudwara not only by Sikhs but devotees from all walks of life. It was originally referred to as 'the abode of god' or Sri Harmandir Sahib, it has been rebuilt many times and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Golden Temple, Amritsar, India?

Mammoth Pillar Rocks Near Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India

We can't get enough of these mammoth rock pillars looming high almost kissing the clouds? They are located at a distance of about eight km from Kodaikanal and you would be stumped by its jaw-dropping views of Tamil Nadu plains below. How to reach Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India?

Krishansar Lake, Near Srinagar or Sonamarg, Jammu and Kashmir, India

Doesn’t matter which angle you capture it from the picture perfect reflections of Krishansar Lake evoke a deep sigh as well as a sense of contentment where reflections of the surrounding dense pine forest and snowcapped mountains just silence all your psychological babble…  As per its wikipedia page Krishansar Lake can be accessed from Srinagar or Srinagar Airport 80 km by road to village Shitkadi, Sonamarg - from which ponies can be hired to cover an alpine trek of 35 km to reach the Krishansar Lake. How to reach Srinagar?

Passionate Sculptures of Khajuraho Temples, Madhay Pradesh, India – a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Words that usually describe Khajuraho Temples would be stunning erotica in stone mixed with finest temple art in the world – most seem to use only ‘baffling superlatives’ to express the great skill of the 10th to 11th century artisans - perplexed with resonating familiarity ‘why erotica in temples?’ Whilst there are 00’s of conjectures some questions do remain unanswered!

A must visit - if not in person through such frames - do explore Khajuraho Temples exceedingly artistic stonework that shows you a storyboard of life, a millennium ago – passionated expressions of gods, goddesses, warriors, dancers and real and mythological animals.

Khajuraho Group of Monuments are located in Madhya Pradesh, India and the complex is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Khajuraho Temples Complex nuances in passion, dance, music and off-course erotica

Khajuraho does occupy a significant role in the cultural history of the Chandelas who being great patrons of sculpture and arts dotted their empire with resplendent forts, palaces, tanks and temples.

What you should expect - Sensuous Surasundaris or Apsaras (heavenly nymphs) and Nayika’s (heroines) that have been carved with poses that swirl and dance - that would have most of us stumped with their suppleness – silent stances or expressions of the figurines that would help understand why ‘bhava’ is as critical in natya shastras and in a way make those scenes come alive – the expressive society that the hundreds of artisans lived in as they explicitly carved thousands of sculptures - exquisitely and outrageously portraying passion in the form of mithunas (eternal lovers and could be in pairs on threes or more - could be male female or only of a particular gender)

Almost as intriguing as the Khajuraho temples are - so is the question how did the Chandelas manage to turn their exhilarating dreams into stone especially its monumental size and numbers with richness of its sculptures in just 100 years?

Khajuraho Group of Monuments are located in Madhya Pradesh, India and the complex is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Lakshman Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Lakshmana Temple’s architectural design elements are similar to those of the Viswanath temple and Kandariya-Mahadev temple and it is dedicated to Vishnu.

Apart from the most erotic carvings you will also find carvings of battalions of soldiers on the frieze around the base depicting the mighty Chandela’s who were perpetually at war. Other carvings include musicians, hunters, camels, horses and elephants.

Do explore the Varaha Temple near the Laksmana temple has tall sandstone carving of Varaha avatar of Vishnu (Boar avatar) along with a pantheon of gods. Lakshmi Temple is also nearby which is usually locked,

Lakshman Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Exquisite Garbha Griha of Lakshman Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Took about 20+ years to build the Lakshmana Temple and is arguably the best preserved of all the Khajuraho temples with a spectacularly carved garbha griha. This still of Lakshman Temple at Khajuraho should most definitely inspire an in person visit.

The Lakshmana Temple, built in 954 CE, is dedicated to Vishnu and the shrine has three faces that of the lion, man and a boar. You would find carvings of dancers, life in those times, orgies as well marching armies on its base. The female figurines in the bracket are simply exquisite.

Lakshman Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

The Kandariya-Mahadev temple is the most photographed and is considered the high point of Chandela architecture. Temple has intricate and detailed carvings in stone of female beauty with amorous expressions (Apsaras, Surasundaris) and numerous scenes of astounding sexual acrobatics as compared to any other Khajuraho temple.

Its Shikhara is considered to be a symbolic Shiv linga and along with its subsidiary shikaras together - they seem to resemble mount Kailasha peaks - and seem to be rise into infinity. You will find leaping vyalas almost looking as though hoping to escape (vyalas are mythical creatures that are half-dragon, half-horse, );

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Adinath Jain Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Adinatha Temple is a jain temple dedicated to Tirthankara Adinatha although its exterior walls also feature Hindu deities. The shrine of Adinatha is made of black stone and has a three line inscription that helps to date the temple to 1158 AD.

The exterior walls of the Adinath temple have three bands adorned with sculptures of surasundaris, flying vidyadhara couples, vyalas (mythical creatures), dancers with musicians. It's niches have sculptures of the Jain Yakshinis - Chakreshvari , Padmavati and Ambika. Do find the sculpture of the four armed Yakshini Chakreshvari sitting on a Garuda holding a chakra; a Yaksha holding a money bag and a cup and a sitting sculpture of Adinatha with an ushnisha on his head.

Adinatha Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Parsvanatha Jain Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

The temple is dedicated to the 23rd Tirthankara Parsvanatha of the Jain religion - it is believed to have been built between 950 to 970 and is known for its sculptural audacity.

Parsvanatha Temple is the largest of the Jain temples and it is believed that the temple was originally dedicated to Adinath, now houses a black shrine of Parsvanatha that was substituted about a century ago. An inscription on the mahamandapa doorway dates it to 950–70.

Parsvanatha Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Devi Jagdambi Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Devi Jagadamba now dedicated to Kali was originally dedicated to Vishnu and then Parvati.

Devi Jagadambika temple is an exquisitely ornate temple with carvings of Surasundaris (heavenly nymphs), Maithunas frolicking (pairs of men and women). Architecturally, it is very similar to the nearby Chitragupta temple and its design seems to be simpler than that of the Kandariya-Mahadev Temple.

Devi Jagdambi Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Chitragupta Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Chitragupta Temple faces east or the rising sun and has an imposing deity – God Surya as high as five feet driving a seven horse chariot. The temple has some intricate carvings of Apsaras and Surasundaris (celestial nymphs), elephant fights and hunting scenes, figures of couples engaged in maithuna and a 11-headed Vishnu.

Architecturally, it is very similar to the nearby Devi Jagadambi temple.

Chitragupta Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Captivating Kandariya Mahadeva Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

The exterior surfaces of the Kandariya-Mahadev temple is entirely covered with sculptures in horizontal ribbon like panels carved with figurines gleaming rhythmically in the sun.

Niches seem to ooze with passion with finely carved maithuna or single male or female figurines in almost reversed yogic postures. You will also find ornate carvings of Ganesha as well as of Saptamatrikas - Brahmi seated on a swan + Maheshwari with three eyes seated on bull + Kumari + Vaishnavi seated on Garuda + Varahi (boar faced) ; Narasimhi (lion headed) + Chamunda (the slayer of demons Chanda and Munda). Apart from carvings of many deities, the one of Agni, the god of fire is arresting.

Kandariya Mahadeva Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Chaturbhuj Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Chaturbhuj temple is a hindu temple built in 1100 AD and dedicated to Vishnu. Built by Yasovarman of the Chandela Dynasty the temple has a tall four-armed Vishnu idol.

This is the only temple in Khajuraho that lacks erotic sculptures.

Chaturbhuj Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Pratapesvara Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Pratapeswar Temple in Khjuraho is found near the Vishvanath Temple and is a hindu temple dedicated to Shiva.

Pratapeswar Temple is a part of the Western Group of Temples at Khajuraho found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Matangesvara Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

The Matangeshvara temple is an active or living Shiva temple. It is located among the Western group of temples at Khajuraho.

Interesting local myth - Matanga sage manifested into a linga and curbs Kamadeva or the god of love. He had hermitages in Khajuraho, Kedarnath, Varanasi and Gaya - and all these sites have Matangeshvara temples.

Matangeshvara Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

DulhaDeo Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

Duladeo Temple is believed to be the last great temple built in Khajuraho. Duladeo Temple dedicated to Lord Shiva has a Saptaratha plan or simplified a seven chariot plan.

The figurines carved in the temple have soft expressive features unlike other temples and its walls are also covered with carvings of Shiv Parvati.

Duladeo Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

Hemakuta Hill Temple Complex, Hampi, Karnataka, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Every boulder on Hemakuta hills literally can tell hundreds of folklores, myths, or dole out historical facts as it is dotted with many temples, mandapas, and pavilions that have steadfastly stood around challenging time.


The aura around Hemakuta hills makes you believe in the era of religion and romance. Hemakuta Hills with its undulating expanse does illuminate its ruins to a brilliant golden glow twice in a day – do find the time to catch either a sunrise or sunset or both on Hemakuta hills. Note Hemakuta is much easier to climb than Matanga Hill. Beware of what you carry with you to catch a sunset as you will share the same with many monkeys or as locals would have us believe - Hanumans who enjoy pulling your bags in search of food…


Most temples on or around Hemakuta hills are dedicated to Shiva and built around 14th century or when Vijayanagara empire was flourishing. What one sees in a panoramic view are many small temples standing by side by side in holy companionship to the dramatically tall and famous Virupaksha temple a 'literal contrast of might and elegance' relaxing side by side.

Monuments on Hemakuta Hills are a part of the Hampi Group of Monuments and an UNESCO World Heritage Site. How to reach Hampi?

How to reach Harmandir Sahib Golden Temple in Amritsar, Punjab, India?

How to reach The Golden Temple in Amritsar by air? Which is the nearest airport to The Golden Temple?
The nearest airport is Amritsar's Rajasansi Airport that is at distance of about 13 km from Harmandir Sahib's Golden Temple.

You could opt to reach via Ludhiana airport that is at distance of about 156 km from Harmandir Sahib's Golden Temple.

You could opt to reach via Chandigarh airport that is at distance of about 234 km from Harmandir Sahib's Golden Temple.

How to reach The Golden Temple in Amritsar by train? Which is the nearest railway station to The Golden Temple?
The nearest railway station is Amritsar Junction which is at a distance of about 2 km from Harmandir Sahib's Golden Temple.

Best time to visit Sri Harmandir Sahib or The Golden Temple would be in the months of November to March as temperatures are at their coolest. It can get very cold in Amritsar so do check the weather before traveling.

Astounding Greens, Sahyadri Parvatmala, Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India - An UNESCO World Heritage Site

...driving your way through rain and greens surrounded by thick forests and astounding lush green - one such still of the scintillating Sayadris…

This frame is an inspiration to explore the Wester Ghats - it has been taken :) somewhere on a higher altitude of Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India and that is the best we can do for now...

As per UNESCO, Western Ghats in India are older than the Himalayan mountains. The entire mountain range of the Western Ghats is recognized as one of the world's ‘hottest hotspots’ of biological diversity and it's an UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kaas Talav near Kaas Plateau, Western Ghats, Maharashtra, India - An UNESCO World Heritage Site

A little downhill from the Kaas plateau is the Kaas Talav shrouded in moss green serenity - you may want to plan a picnic near the lake that is thankfully still pristine and unspoiled.

Opt to travel in August, September and October, as the climate is perfect for long walks around the plateau. Note you may encounter a drizzle or two with overcast skies.

Kaas Pathar or Kaas Plateau located in the Sahyadri range is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Distance between Kaas and Mumbai is about 279 km
Distance between Kaas and Pune is about 136 km

Note: You may need a permit to visit Kaas Pathar, which you can get onsite on most days but on weekends and public holidays, the permit will be available only online. Use this link to get a trekking permit (https://www.kas.ind.in/)

Kadasiddheshwara Temple Complex, Pattadakal, Karnataka, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Note: Kadasiddheshwara Temple is in the foreground and Jambulinga Temple is in the background.

Kadasiddheswara Temple is relatively a modest structure and is dated around mid 7th century. The outer walls devakoshthas are decorated with sculptures of Harihara, Ardhanariswar and Shiva. You will also find carvings of Shiva and Parvati grace the door to the garbha griha with carvings of Brahma and Vishnu on either side that houses a linga on a peetha (platform).

Kadasiddheshwara Temple is part of the Pattadakal Group of Monuments an UNESCO World Heritage Site. How to reach Paṭṭadakallu?

Looming Pillar Rocks Near Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India

Pillar Rocks a natural wonder are endlessly tall - often described as three vertical granite boulders, standing shoulder to shoulder within dense rainforests. Unique and visually stunning, these rocky pillars measure about 400 ft in height from the ground level.

Most frames of these pillar rocks are captivating as surrounded by forests and usually moody clouds float overhead serving as an ideal backdrops for candid shots.

How to reach Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India?

How to reach Kodaikanal, Tamil Nadu, India?

How to reach Kodaikanal and which is the nearest airport to Kodaikanal?
The nearest Airport to Kodaikanal is Madurai Airport which is at a distance of about 134 km.

You could also opt to reach Kodaikanal via Coimbatore Airport which is at a distance of about 180 km.

How to reach Kodaikanal by train and which is the nearest railway station to Kodaikanal?
The nearest railway station to Kodaikanal is Kodai Road Railway Station. The distance from Kodai Road Railway Station to Kodaikanal is about 80 km.

Best Time to visit Kodaikanal is between October and March.

Distance beween Kodaikanal and few cities
The distance between Kodaikanal and Madurai is 116 km
The distance between Kodaikanal and Coimatore is 172 km

How to reach the Great Himalayan National Park?

Great Himalayan National Park is located in the Banjaar Sub-Division of Kullu District of Himachal Pradesh, India, in the far Western Himalayas. The starting point for any trek or visit to the Great Himalayan National Park is the Kullu Valley region in the state of Himachal Pradesh. This region is best reached by road and air.

How do you reach Great Himalayan National Park by flight
The nearest airport to Great Himalayan National Park is Bhuntar Airport in Kullu, about 60 kms away. Bhuntar Airport is connected to Delhi airport by regular flights.

Distance between Great Himalayan National Park and cities / hill stations

GHNP to Air Port Bhuntar in Kullu is at a distance of about 63 km.
GHNP to Railhead Joginder Nagar in Mandi is at a distance of about 143 km.
GHNP to Kullu is at a distance of about 75 km.
GHNP to Shimla via Mandi is at a distance of about 243 km.
GHNP to Chandigarh is at a distance of about 296 kms.
GHNP to Manali is at a distance of about 113 kms.
GHNP to Dharamsala is at a distance of about 241 kms.

How do you reach Great Himalayan National Park by train
The nearest railway station is Chandigarh Station at a distance of about 296 km. From Chandigarh Station you will need to take either a cab or bus to reach Great Himalayan National Park. The entrance to the Great Himalayan Park is at Tirthan Valley.

Alternatively take a train from Delhi to Pathankot - many options available. And from Pathankot take a toy train or a narrow gauge train to Joginder Nagar in Mandi which is actually a beautiful train ride of about 10 hours. Then take either a cab or bus from there to reach Great Himalayan National Park

For road journey from Delhi or Chandigarh or Kullu refer to The Great Himalayan Park Site for access information:
https://greathimalayannationalpark.com/access/

Shimla Kalka Railway, Himachal Pradesh, India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site

Delivering dramatic views as it traverses mostly a mountainous route from Kalka to Shimla this narrow gauge railway interestingly passes 988 bridges and viaducts.

It was built during the British Raj to connect Shimla to the rest of the Indian Rail System as it was their summer capital and head quarters. How to reach Kalka, Haryana?

The Kalka–Shimla Mountain Railway, Himachal Pradesh, India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

How to reach Kalka, Haryana, India?

Kalka is located in Panchkula district of Haryana and is a gateway to many hill stations in Himachal Pradesh. Distance between Kalka and Shimla is 15 km.

How do you reach Kalka by air?
The nearest airport to Kalka is Chandigarh Airport which is at a distance of about 39 km. You could also reach Kalka via Ludhiana airport which is at distance of about 111 km.

How do you reach Kalka by train?
Kalka Railway Station is well connected to other major cities of the country via regular trains.

Qutub Minar, Delhi, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

I did not know that there was a Qutb complex till I started researching on Delhi UNESCO monuments - many monuments built around Qutub Minar (Victory tower) which was built to commemorate the victory of Islam or precisely to celebrate the victory of Muhammad Ghori over the Rajput king, Prithviraj Chauhan, in 1192 AD, by his then General, Qutb-ud-din Aibak, who is the first ruler of Delhi Sultanate.

The Qutb Minar is inspired by the Minaret of Jam in Afghanistan, which is an important example of early Afghan architecture. The Qutb Minar built using red sandstone and marble is 72.5 meter high, has five distinct storey’s and is a UNESCO World Heritage Site along with surrounding buildings and monuments.

Note: Whilst the construction of Qutub Minar was commenced by Qutb-ud-din Aibak, in the end of 12th century - however he could only build the first storey. Many have added to the monument over centuries. It was further enhanced by Aibak's successor and son-in-law Shamsuddin Iltutmish who added three storeys. In 1369, a lightning strike destroyed the top storey and Firoz Shah Tughlaq than ruler had the damaged storey replaced, and added one more storey. In 1505, an earthquake damaged Qutub Minar; it was repaired by Sikander Lodi.

On 1 September 1803, a major earthquake caused serious damage to the Qutub Minar and the then British Governor-General of India , Lord Wellesly authorized Major Robert Smith to carry out the necessary repairs. Repairs were completed by 1828 just that Major Smith exceeded his brief had replaced an Indo-Islamic cupola with and capped the Qutub Minar with a Hindu chattri style cupola. Since it was out of place Governor General Lord Hardinge eventually had it taken down in 1848 and Smith’s Folly can now be found in the outer lawns of the Qutub Complex, where it still lies till date.

Iconic Qutub Minar is surrounded by several historically significant monuments that form the Qutb complex including Quwwat-ul-Islam Mosque or the Qutub Mosque, Alai Darwaza,, Iron Pillar - world’s metallurgical curiosity, Tomb of Iltutmish, Tomb of Alauddin Khilji, the Zafar Mahal, the Jahaz Mahal, Sanderson's Sundial, Major Smith's Cupola…

Minaret of Jam built in 1190 is fairly inaccessible and located in Ghor Province of western Afghanistan is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. Minaret of Jam is made-up of baked bricks and is well-known for its exquisite brick, stucco and glazed tile decoration including calligraphy, geometric patterns, and verses from the Quran. How to reach the Qutub Minar in Delhi India?

(Delhi is one of the longest-serving capitals and one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world.)

Jhulta Minar in Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Sidi Bashir Mosque in the city of Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India was destroyed in 1753 during the war between the Marathas and the Khan of Gujarat Sultanate and survives with only its central gateway and two minarets also known as the Jhulta Minars. A gentle shaking of either minaret results in the other minaret vibrating after a few seconds - the mechanism of this is not known till date. The style and material of the minarets suggest that it was built close of Mahmud Begada's rule that is 1511 or later. The minarets are three stories tall with carved balconies and are now located to the north of Ahmedabad Junction railway station.

Adalaj Step Well near Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India (2)

Adalaj Vav or Adalaj Stepwell located about 20 km from Ahmedabad is a stricking example reflections of that period with fine Jain symbols as well as Indo-Islamic architecture.

Villagers would come here to fill water and offer prayers to the deities and the step well was also frequented by pilgrims and traders.

If you were to ever visit Adalaj Vav you will notice that the temperature is much cooler inside than outside and that is due to its octagonal ceiling allowing very little sunlight to enter in.

Nagina Masjid in Champaner, Gujarat, India (3) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Nagina Masjid is a large mosque built on a high platform with large open space in front and artistically carved minarets on either side that had niches filled with floral and geometrical designs. Nagina Mosque is a part of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site.

Kevada Masjid in Champaner, Gujarat, India (2) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Kevada Mosque has two minarets on both the sides of the central arched entrance that have eye-catching carved niches that are filled with geometrical and floral and patterns. Originally the mosque had three domes built above the double storeyed main prayer hall but the largest central dome has since collapsed. The complex also comprises of a well, tank for ablutions and a few ruined brick structures.The square cenotaph located in front of the mosque has fluted central dome and four corner domes.

Kevada Mosque is part of the Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, a UNESCO World Heritage Site

How to reach Champaner-Pavagadh Archaeological Park, Gujarat, India?

How to reach Champaner by flight?
The nearest domestic airport to Champaner is Vadodara Airport which is at a distance of about 44 km from Champaner.

The nearest international airport to Champaner is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad which is at a distance of about 153 km from Champaner. Ahmedabad airport is well connected with major cities of India and the world.

How to reach Champaner by train?
Champaner Road Junction is connected to Vadodara and Mumbai

Distance between Champaner and other towns and cities
Champaner is at a distance of about 44 km from Baroda.
Champaner is at a distance of about 153 km from Champaner.

Note The Champaner-Pavagadh archaeological site is fairly large about 1329 hectares so it is recommended to rent a car and driver from Baroda.

The Great Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India - recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi are a group of monuments that include the world renown - The Great Stupa (the oldest Buddhist religious monument), monolithic pillars, ruins of temples, monasteries, assembly halls and shrines helping one time travel when Sanchi was revered as a great centre for spiritual learning. Most monuments date back to the 2nd and 1st centuries BC when Sanchi was a major proponent of Buddhism in India until the 12th century AD.

The Buddhist Monuments at Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India are recognized as World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

What is a Stupa? A stūpa is a structure containing sacred relics commemorative of Buddha or other saints. The shapes of Stupa’s have evolved over centuries - the Sanchi Stupa is hemispherical with a circular base supporting a massive solid dome (garbha) it has a pradakshina path and four gateways, which are richly decorated with narrative sculptures depicting scenes and panels from Buddha’s life, Ashoka’s life, wars over Buddha’s relics in ancient times and Jataka tales. The relics of the Buddha are not merely considered a commemorative symbol by of Buddha but Buddhists believe it represents the living presence of the Buddha, his protective powers and living energy.

South Torana, Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India - recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

The South Torana is believed to be the oldest and the first to be built and served as the main entrance to the Great Stupa. Then followed, in chronological order, the North Torana, the East Torana and the West Torana.

The narrative friezes of the South Torana has great emphasis on Buddha's relics and the War over the Relics, and on the role of Ashoka in spreading the Buddhist faith. One also finds carved scenes of seven births of Buddha and the pillar capitals of the South Torana have sculpted Lions similar to the ones found on Ashoka Pillar.

The Great Stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

North Torana, Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India - recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

The North Torana is one of the four richly carved gateways or toranas surrounding the Great Stupa. It has been best preserved of all the gateways as it still retains most of its ornamental figures. The lintels on the North Torana have seated Lions and Yakshinis.

Torana has many scenes from various events of the life of the Buddha. One panel has vivid sculptures depicting Buddha overcoming the temptation of Mara's daughters and threat of Mara + the demons of Mara fleeing Sanchi Stupa; Another has a sculpted scene of Sujata, bringing the meal which she prepared for Gautama before he began his last meditation prior to his enlightenment;

The pillar capitals of North Torana have elephant looking in all four directions and its panels depict various miracles performed by Buddha - including the great miracle at Sravasti where Buddha walks in the air.

The Great Stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

East Torana, Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India - recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

The East Torana was the third gateway to be erected. You will find sculptures narrating the historical events during the Buddha's life and several miracles performed by the Buddha. The pillars of the East Torana have elephants placed in all four directions mounted by mahuts.

Take note of the panel on far left - sculpted narrative depicting Prince Siddharta detachment of royal life - his search and his renouncing the world starting from leaving the Palace of Kapilavastu while his wife Yasodhara, his baby Rahula and the dancers are sleeping.

Top panel on East Torana is about the miracle of walking in the air at Savrasti and devotees are looking upwards - note Buddha is not visible and only his path is represented by slab in thin air called Chankrama;

Another panel has a scene depicting the miracle of the Buddha walking on River Nairanjana - once again Buddha is not visible and he is represented by a path on the water, and his empty throne.

A panel also has sculptures depicting Indra and Brahma at the Great Sanchi Stupa;

The Great Stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

West Torana, Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India that is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

The torana on the west or the last gateway built is richly carved composed of two square pillars and with three architraves and their volute ends.

The column capitals have four Yaksha facing four directions. Whereas carvings on architraves have sculpted panels of King of the Mallas bringing the relics of the Buddha to Kushinagara whose chief is depicted riding on an elephant and bearing the relics on his own head. Another panel has two groups of figures carrying offerings indicate rejoicing of the Mallas over the possession of the relics.

Another panel has the tree in front of the city gate and it believed to be the Shala tree symbolically referring to the fact that Buddha's parinirvana took place in a grove of shala trees.

The West Torana has a brilliant sculpted narrative of the portrayal of siege of Kushinagara and the seven rival claimants who are carrying seven royal umbrellas, advancing with their armies to the city of Kushinagara

Left pillar (front side) has a unique panel showing Indra's swarg as it has the river Mandakini in the foreground.

The Great Stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

Narrative Panel of Buddha’s life, Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India that is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

An expressive sculpted narrative depicting Buddha’s detachment of royal life - his search and his renouncing the world starting from leaving the Palace of Kapilavastu.

This sculpted panel is on the North Torana or Gateway of The Great Stupa in Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Sanchi Stupa?

Javari Temple at Khajuraho, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage site recognized by UNESCO

The Javari Temple is a hindu temple built between 1075 to 1100 that is dedicated to Vishnu was built in Nirandhar style. It is near to and is visible from Vamana Temple that is at short distance from it.

Javari Temple is a part of Khajuraho Group of Monuments found in Madhya Pradesh, India and is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO. How to reach Khajuraho temple complex?

How to reach Khajuraho Temple, Madhya Pradesh, India?

What to definitely explore at Khajuraho temples? Notable temples are the Lakshmana, Kandariya Mahadeva, Matangeshwara, Jagadamba, Chitragupta, Varaha and Vishwanatha in the Western Group; the Vamana, Javari and Ghantai Temples of the Eastern Group and the Parsvanatha, Adinatha and Shantinatha Temples of the Southern Group.

How to reach Khajuraho temples by air? Which is the nearest airport to Khajuraho Temples?
Khajuraho has a domestic airport and is well connected with Varanasi and Delhi amongst other cities in India. Khajuraho Airport is at a distance of a bout 4.5 km from Khajuraho temples.

How to reach Khajuraho temples by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Khajuraho Temples?
Khajuraho railway station is well connected to many cities in India including Delhi and Varanasi. Khajuraho train station is at a distance of about 6 km from Khajuraho Temple Complex.

Best time to visit Khajuraho temples is between the cooler months of December to February.

Distances from Khajuraho to various places
Khajuraho > [24 km] > Raneh Falls
Khajuraho > [99 km] > Panna National Park
Khajuraho > [392 km] > Varanasi

How to reach Sanchi Stupa, Madhya Pradesh, India?

The Great Stupa of Sanchi, Madhya Pradesh, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO

How do you reach Sanchi Stupa by air? Which is the nearest airport to Sanchi Stupa?
The nearest airport is Bhopal Airport and it is at a distance of 53 km from Sanchi Stupa.

How do you reach Sanchi Stupa by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Sanchi Stupa?
The nearest railway station is Sanchi Railway Station and it is at a distance of 1.5 km from Sanchi Stupa. You could opt to to reach via Vidisha Railway Station that is at a distance of 11.5 km from Sanchi Stupa. Or prefer to reach via Bhopal Junction and it is at a distance of 47 km from Sanchi Stupa.

Best Time to Visit Sanchi Stupa Complex is in the cooler months of December to February.

Bhimbetka Caves, Madhya Pradesh, India is a World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Almost unknown and well concealed in the rugged and craggy cliffs of Vindhyas amidst dense forests are over 600+ rock shelters of Bhimbetka. About 400 of this shelters preserve proof of habitation that existed in the early Stone Age in the form of cave art. Thousands of rock paintings are dated between the early Stone Age to medieval times.

You would find red and white stick figures as well as many animals painted amongst them would be elephants and tigers, rhinos and bisons including animal fights. Many paintings reflect life during those times and would be about hunting, battles, ceremonies, dancing, drinking and burials.

Bhimbetka Caves are protected by the Archaeological Survey of India and are also recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Bhimbetka Caves?

How to reach Jain Temples at Pavagadh, Gujarat, India?

How to reach Pavagadh by flight?
The nearest domestic airport to Pavagadh is Baroda Airport which is at a distance of about 50 km from Pavagadh.

The nearest international airport to Pavagadh is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad which is at a distance of about 152 km from Pavagadh. Ahmedabad airport is well connected with major cities of India and the world.

How to reach Pavagadh by train?
Pavagadh does not have a train station, and the nearest station is Champaner Road Junction, at a distance of 6.5 km

Distance between Pavagadh Hills and other towns and cities
Pavagadh is at a distance of about 55 km from Baroda.
Pavagadh is at a distance of about 7 km from Champaner.

Note: You have two options to take the pilgrim route and climb about 1800/2000+ steps or take a shuttle van from the Champaner Citadel’s south wall which drops you only mid-way. You could also take a ropeway and glide over the landscape at a price and save yourself half the climb.

How to reach Adalaj Step Well near Ahmedabad?

How to reach Adalaj Step Well near Ahmedabad by flight?
The nearest airport to Adalaj Step Well is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International airport at Ahmedabad which is at a distance of about 15 km from Adalaj Step Well.

How to reach Adalaj Step Well near Ahmedabad by train
Ahmedabad Junction is at a distance of about 20 km from Adalaj Step Well. Ahmedabad Railway Station or Junction is well connected to many cities in the state of Gujarat as well as India.

How to reach Rani ni Vav in Patan, Gujarat, India?

Rani ki Vav is situated in Patan a few hours drive from Ahmedabad, Gujarat in India.

How to reach Rani ki Vav by flight?
The nearest airport to Rani ki Vav is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International airport at Ahmedabad which is at a distance of about 125 km from Rani ki Vav.

How to reach Rani ki Vav in Patan by train?
Patan Railway Station is connected to Ahmedabad and other cities of Gujarat. Patan Railway Station is at a distance of about 3 km from Rani ki Vav.

How to reach Munsar Talav in Viramgam. Near Ahmedabad, Gujarat, India?

Munsar lake is located in Viramgam is a town near Ahmedabad, Gujarat also an ancient princely state.

How to reach Viramgam by flight?
The nearest airport to Viramgam is Sardar Vallabhbhai Patel International Airport in Ahmedabad which is at a distance of about 76 km from Viramgam. Ahmedabad airport is well connected with major cities of India and the world.

How to reach Viramgam by train?
Viramgam Junction is well connected to other major cities of India via regular trains.

Capturing Honnametti kallu, Biligiri Ranga Hills, Karnataka, India

You just need to learn to listen - stones are great storytellers. This still captures Honnametti kallu the highest point around which the BRT Tiger Reserve weaves its lush green magic literally in all directions, spreading far and wide.

Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve is located in Karnataka, India. It constitutes a live bridge between the Eastern Ghats and Western Ghats as it is strategically situated almost in the middle of this bridge. How to reach BRT Tiger Reserve?

Apart from tigers and herds of wild elephants you will also find sambhar, chital, barking deer and the rare four-horned antelope at BRT Tiger Reserve. Other carnivores include leopards, wild dogs, and sloth bears.

How to reach BRT Tiger Reserve in Karnataka?

Picture - Leopard at BRT Tiger Reserve, Karnataka, India

How to reach BRT Tiger Reserve by air and which is the nearest ariport to BRT Tiger Reserve?
The nearest airport is Mysore Airport and it is at distance of about 83 km from Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve.

How to reach BRT Tiger Reserve by train?
The nearest railway station is Chamarajanagar Railway Station and it is at distance of about 45 km from Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve. You could opt for a train journey via Mysuru Junction Railway Station that is at distance of about 86 km from Biligiri Rangaswamy Temple (BRT) Tiger Reserve.

Red Fort Complex Moti Masjid, Delhi, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Moti Masjid also popularly known by the British as the Pearl Mosque was built in 1659 by Aurangzeb a much later addition as a private mosque for his second wife Nawab Bai.

Moti Masjid is a three-domed mosque carved in white marble, with a three-arched screen leading down to the courtyard. How to reach the Red Fort Complex in Delhi India?

Red Fort Complex Rang Mahal, Delhi, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The Rang Mahal in the Red Fort, Delhi, India was one of the zenana palaces and was known as the Imtiaz Mahal during the rule of Shah Jahan. Once the ceiling was intricately designed gilded and elaborate mirror work and the walls had marble relief carvings. Much has been destroyed over centuries but you could enjoy its original grandeur in many ancient paintings. How to reach the Red Fort Complex in Delhi India?

Humayun Tomb Complex Tomb of Isa Khan, Delhi, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Pashtun (Afghan) noble Isa Khan Niazi was a part of the ruling family and served Sher Shah Suri, founder of the Suri empire. Sher Shah Suri took control of the Mughal empire in 1538 forcing Emperor Humayun out of India.

Notes - Isa Khan's tomb was built during his lifetime (1547-48 AD) and is located near the Humayun's Tomb complex in Delhi which was built later (1562-1571). 

Sher Shah Suri the founder of the Suri Empire, with its capital in Sasaram or modern-day Bihar introduced the currency of rupee. Rupee known as Rūpiya was a silver coin weighing 11.53 grams minted in northern India by first Sher Shah Suri during his short rule between 1540 and 1545 and the same was standardized later by the Mughals. And the silver coin remained in use during the Mughal period, Maratha era as well as in British India. How to Reach Humayun’s Tomb Complex, Delhi India?

How to reach the Qutub Minar in Delhi India?

Which is the nearest airport to Qutub Minar?
The nearest nearest airport to Qutub Minar would be the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi which is at a distance of about 13 km.

Which is the nearest nearest railway station to Qutub Minar?
The nearest nearest railway station to Qutub Minar would be the Old Delhi Railway Station or Delhi Junction which is at a distance of about 18 km.

Which is the nearest Metro Station to Qutub Minar?
Qutab Minar Metro Station is just a few stops from HUDA City Centre, Gurgaon part of the Yellow Metro Line of the Delhi Metro that consists of 37 metro stations from Samaypur Badli,Delhi to HUDA City Centre, Gurgaon.

Best time to visit Qutub Minar or Delhi is between November to February.

How to reach Humayun’s Tomb Complex, Delhi India?

Which is the nearest airport to Humayun Tomb Complex?
The nearest nearest airport to Humayun Tomb Complex would be the Indira Gandhi International Airport in Delhi which is at a distance of about 17 km.

Which is the nearest railway station to Humayun Tomb Complex?
The nearest railway station to Humayun Tomb Complex would be the Nizamuddin Railway Station which is at a distance of about 2.1 km.

Which is the nearest Metro Station to Humayun Tomb Complex?
JLN Stadium on the Violet Metro Line is the nearest Metro Station to Humayun Tomb Complex and is at a distance of 2.4 km from the monuments. Jawaharlal Nehru Stadium Metro Station is few stops away from the starting station - Kashmere Gate on the Violet Metro Line.

Best time to visit Humayun Tomb Complex or Delhi is between November to February.

Yumthang Valley of Flowers, Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Can you believe that the Kanchenjunga National Park sweeps vertically down for about 7 km and has an unsurpassed range of alpine ecosystems surrounded by rugged snow-clad mountain-scape and off course the mighty Kanchenjunga the world’s third highest peak. Numerous lakes and glaciers, including the 26 km long Zemu Glacier, dot the barren high altitudes.

This frame is that of Yumthang Valley of Flowers - part of Khangchendzonga National Park’s grandeur - that is recognized as a World Heritage site by UNESCO. How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park?

Blue-throated Flycatcher at Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The blue-throated flycatcher a tiny and an active passerine bird in the flycatcher family obviously with a blue throat. The blue-throated flycatcher is found in the cold months - in the dense forests all through the Himalayas and the Western Ghats of India. Foraging mainly in the overgrowth it feeds on flying or crawling insects.

Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park?

Fire Tailed Sunbird at Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim, India - A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

The fire-tailed sunbird belongs to the Nectariniidae family and is found in the northern parts of the India as well as the the mighty Himalayas - as well as in Khangchendzonga National Park. You would usually find fire-tailed sunbird in conifer forests at high altitudes up to 4,000 meters, descending into the valleys during the cold season. They feed on both insects and nectar

Khangchendzonga National Park in Sikkim, India is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park?

How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park, Sikkim India?

Did you know that Khangchendzonga National Park located within Himalays covers 25% of the State of Sikkim in India?

How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park by air? Which is the nearest airport to Khangchendzonga National Park?
The nearest airport is Pakyong airport at a distance of about 56 km from the Khangchendzonga National Park. Note Pakyong airport has limited connectivity. You could opt to travel via Bagdogra airport that is at a distance of about 109 km from the Khangchendzonga National Park.

How to reach Khangchendzonga National Park by train? Which is the nearest railway station to Khangchendzonga National Park?
The nearest railway station is Jalpaiguri railway station, about 134 km from the Khangchendzonga National Park.

The best time to visit the Khangchendzonga National Park is between the months of end-March to May and September to November.

Distances from various places to reach Khangchendzonga National Park
Bagdogra Airport > [129 km] > Gangtok> [47 km] > Khangchendzonga National Park
Pakyong Airport > [56 km] > Khangchendzonga National Park

Distance from Khangchendzonga National Park to other sights in Sikkim
Distance from Khangchendzonga National Park to Darjeeling is about 70 km
Distance from Khangchendzonga National Park to Gangtok is about 47 km
Distance from Khangchendzonga National Park to Yuksom is about 35 km
Distance from Khangchendzonga National Park to Lachen is about 24 km

Valley of Flowers, Chamoli, Uttarakhand, India, A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

A quest for the famous bursts of color is what may have gotten you to plan a trek to Valley of flowers - but soon you would experience that it is the journey and not the destination that makes it worth your while.

It's a 13+ km trek (varied distance/s depending on where you start) where the first 80% of the trek from Govind Ghat to Ghangaria is labelled as easy as well as moderately difficult. Second part of the trek is supposedly a strenuous one.

When you trek the first hour may be the toughest than you fall in your own hypnotic rhythm and quietude follows and once in a while your thoughts meander with wispy clouds and are just focussed for that one cup of steaming hot chai :)

Since the valley is in full bloom between mid July to mid August be prepared for rain - especially at dawn - valley calls and big fat drops may just start pouring and if you are lucky enough the drumbeats may pause or may taunt you with a patter again.

Valley of Flowers National Park is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Valley of Flowers, Uttarakhand, India?

How to reach Valley of Flowers, Uttarakhand, India?

Best time to visit the Valley of Flowers is in the months of July and August (various flower species blooms at different times). The valley is open from beginning of June until the beginning of October and is closed as well as covered in snow the rest of the year.

How to reach Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand. by air and which is the nearest airport to Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand ?
The nearest airport is Jolly Grant is Dehradun Airport at a distance of about 287 km from Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand.

Delhi International Airport at a distance of about 515 km from Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand.

How to reach Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand. by train and which is the nearest railway station to Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand ?
The nearest railway station is at Rishikesh at a distance of about 272 km from Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand.

You could also opt to travel from train to Haridwar that is at a distance of about 291 km from Valley of Flowers in Uttarakhand.

Distance between various places to reach Valley of Flowers
Delhi > [220 kms| > Haridwar > [20 kms| > Rishikesh > [75 kms| > Rudraprayag > [ 115 kms| > Joshimath Dehradun > [47 km] > Rishikesh > {255 km] > Joshimath > [21 km] > Govind Ghat > [9.7 km] > Ghangaria > [trek 3.2+ km] > Valley of Flowers

You could break up the journey from - Rishikesh > {75 km] > Devprayag > {68 km] > Rudraprayag > {119 km] > Nandprayag > {62 km] > Joshimath)

Nanda Devi National Park > [12.5 km] > Valley of Flowers

Nanda Devi Mountains, Nanda Devi National Park, Uttarakhand, India, A World Heritage Site recognized by UNESCO

Nanda Devi, the second highest in India, with an aura of inaccessibility almost like a ethereal sign hangs audaciously encompassing it 'forbidden territory'

The Nanda Devi National Park is encircled by a spectacular range of mountains, such as Trishul (7,120m), Dunagiri (7,066m) and Changabang (6,864m). Lata and Tolma villages are the two entry points to the Nanda Devi National Park (note - the climb from Tolma is easier than from Lata)

Nanda Devi National Park is recognized as a World Heritage Site by UNESCO. How to reach Nanda Devi National Park, Uttarakhand, India?

Church of St Augustine in ruins in Goa, India (2) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Church of St. Augustine was built on top of the Monte Santo (Holy Hill), between 1597 and 1602 by Augustinian friars and was known as one of the three great Augustinian churches in the Iberian world. Church of St. Augustine is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa, India. How to reach Goa?

Chapel of our Lady Monte in Goa, India - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Located in Velha Goa the chapel of Our Lady of the Mount has tremendous historical significance and is a secluded hidden gem. The chapel of Our Lady of the Mount was consecrated in 1519 commemorating the victory of Afonso de Albuquerque over Sultan Adil Shah and this was the site of the battle between the armies.

Try and time your visit near the sunset (weekdays the chapel is open till 7pm) as the views are spectacular atop the Monte near the Church of St. Cajetan, and overlooks the expanse of the Mandovi river and the islands of Devar and Chorao.

The chapel of Our Lady of the Mount in Goa India is a UNESCO World Heritage Site. How to reach Goa?

Chapel of St Catherine in Goa, India (2) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

A short walk to the west of the Church of St Francis of Assisi stands the small Chapel of St Catherine. The elegant Chapel is also a short walk from the Archaeological Museum and is of immense significance to Portuguese history in India. If you choose to you could also visit the Se Cathedral nearby. The Chapel of St Catherine is maintained by Archaeological Survey of India and is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa, India. How to reach Goa?

Church of Our Lady of the Rosary in Goa, India (1) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

The old church of Goa the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary was built in 1543. With towers and cupolas typical of late-Gothic and Manueline Portugese on the outside - the Church of Our Lady of the Rosary does appear as a small fortress.

You will be able to see the Manueline vaults of the chapels inside and just next to the altarpiece which is dedicated to Our Lady of the Rosary, there is a carved alabaster cenotaph with an inscription, ‘Aqui jaz Dona Catarina, mulher de Garcia de Sa, a qual pede a quem isto ler que peça misericórida a Deus para sua alma’ meaning ‘Here lies Dona Catarina, wife of Garcia de Sá, asks those who read this to asks mercy of God for her soul’.

Church of Our Lady of the Rosary is a part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa, India. How to reach Goa?

Church of St Francis Assisi in Goa, India (2) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Church of St. Francis of Assisi was first completed in 1521 and was rebuilt multiple times since. The main chapel has several paintings on the life of St. Francis of Assisi and a large gilded altarpiece dating from c.1670 with a picture of Jesus on the cross embracing with one arm Francis Xavier. The floor of the church, like many churches of Goa, has graves with inscriptions and coats. Church of St. Francis of Assisi is located in Velha Goa and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa, India. How to reach Goa?

Church of St Francis Assisi in Goa, India (3) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Church of St. Francis of Assisi with a stunning amalgamation of Corinthian ,Tuscan and Baroque styles is a must visit as it houses a Museum showcasing paintings, sculptures, and artifacts which provide a quick glimpse of Goa’s cultural past. Church of St. Francis of Assisi is located in Velha Goa and is part of the UNESCO World Heritage Site, Churches and convents of Goa, India. How to reach Goa?

Se Cathedral in Goa, India (2) - A UNESCO World Heritage Site

Se Cathedral Goa, is dedicated to St. Catherine as it stands with its gracious façade facing east to welcome each new day. The towering cathedral church is one of largest amongst all churches and convents of Goa and was built by the Portuguese to commemorate their victory over India. The cathedral is dedicating to Catherine of Alexandria and it houses the Great Golden Bell and the Golden Rose that adds to its spiritual aura as it was received as the benediction of Pope. How to reach Goa?

Buddha in bhumisparsha mudra at Mahabodhi Temple, Bihar India a UNESCO Heritage Site

Buddha shrine at the Mahabodhi [Maha= great Bodhi=enlightenment or awakening] resonates peace literally.

The Mahabodhi Temple was declared a UNESCO World Heritage Site in 2002. The first temple was built by Ashoka in the 3rd century, which was destroyed by many Muslim rulers and the present temple was rebuilt between 5th - 6th centuries. How to reach Bodh Gaya?